Citrulline enhances salinity tolerance via photosynthesis, redox balance, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and nutrient assimilation in sunflower ( L.).

Unlabelled: Citrulline (CITR) is a strong osmolyte and hydroxyl radical scavenger. However, no previous study has reported the ameliorative role of CITR under salinity stress. We found a significant decrease in growth, chlorophyll content, SPAD value, photosynthesis, leaf relative water content, and nutrient acquisition in sunflower plants exposed to salinity (15 dS m).

Albumin: A Review of Market Trends, Purification Methods, and Biomedical Innovations.

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, accounting for approximately 50% of total serum protein in healthy individuals. In recent years, albumin has attracted significant attention due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity (metabolizing in vivo into harmless degradation products), non-immunogenic properties, ease of purification, and water solubility. These characteristics render it an ideal candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Novel thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid-based pH-responsive hydrogel: A promising mucoadhesive drug delivery approach toward the treatment of colorectal cancer.

The synthesis of thiolated polymer-based smart hydrogels with desired pH responsiveness is essential for numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications. This study aims to develop chemically crosslinked interpenetrating network (IPN) pH-sensitive thiolated hydrogels for the targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate their mucoadhesive properties by measuring mucosal residence time on rabbit colonic mucosa. Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) was synthesized by oxidation and reductive amination using cysteamine conjugation.

Effects of ChatGPT on students' academic performance in Pakistan higher education classrooms.

The rapid integration of cutting-edge technology is significantly transforming the higher education landscape. ChatGPT's groundbreaking technology has provided numerous advantages for higher education. This study explored students' behavioral intentions to utilize ChatGPT as a learning resource in Pakistani universities and its effect on their academic performance.

Fabrication, characterization, and docking studies of furosemide-loaded nanosponges using the emulsion solvent diffusion method.

Aims: This study aimed to fabricate, characterize, and perform molecular docking of furosemide-loaded nanosponges (NSs) using the emulsion solvent diffusion method.

Material And Methods: Sustained-release NS formulations of furosemide were developed using ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and dichloromethane (DCM) via the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The formulations were evaluated for production yield, actual drug content, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, surface morphology, docking study, and in vitro drug release.

Structure and vibrational spectroscopy of complexes of Al+ and Al2+ with ethane.

The binding motifs of clusters of Al+ and Al2+ with ethane, Alx+(C2H6)n (x = 1, 2; n = 1-3), are determined using vibrational photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1) in conjunction with spectra calculated using density functional theory. The relative energies of candidate structures are determined with the B3LYP-D3 and ωB97X-D density functionals and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Local mode Hamiltonian calculations are better able to reproduce the spectra than scaled harmonic calculations, due to contributions from bending overtones and combination bands.

Role of Dual Pathway Inhibition in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease.

Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a significant global health challenge, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical care. Dual-pathway inhibition (DPI) represents a major advancement in the secondary prevention of CAD by targeting both platelet aggregation and thrombin generation. Unlike traditional single-pathway antiplatelet therapy (e.

Enhanced thyroid nodule detection and diagnosis: a mobile-optimized DeepLabV3+ approach for clinical deployments.

Objective: This study aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of thyroid nodule segmentation in ultrasound images, ultimately improving nodule detection and diagnosis. For clinical deployment on mobile and embedded devices, DeepLabV3+ strives to achieve a balance between a lightweight architecture and high segmentation accuracy.

Methodology: A comprehensive dataset of ultrasound images was meticulously curated using a high-resolution ultrasound imaging device.

An Integrative Computational Approach for Identifying Cotton Host Plant MicroRNAs with Potential to Abate CLCuKoV-Bur Infection.

-Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bur) has a circular single-stranded ssDNA genome of 2759 nucleotides in length and belongs to the genus (family, ). CLCuKoV-Bur causes cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) and is transmitted by the whitefly cryptic species. Monopartite begomoviruses encode five open reading frames (ORFs).

Taurine priming improves redox balance, osmotic adjustment, and nutrient acquisition to lessen phytotoxic effects of neutral and alkaline salts on pea ( L.).

Taurine (TAR) intricately mediates a plethora of physiological processes. This investigation aimed to elucidate the impact of TAR (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L) seed priming on redox homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic adjustment and nutrient acquisition in pea plants subjected to 100 mm salinity of neutral (NaCl and NaSO) and alkaline (NaCO) salts. Salinity diminished growth, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic efficiency alongside a concurrent rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and relative membrane permeability.

Comparative efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloons versus drug-eluting stents in small vessel coronary artery disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Small vessel coronary artery disease presents challenges in percutaneous coronary intervention due to higher restenosis rates with traditional treatments. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) offer a potential alternative, but their efficacy compared to drug-eluting stents (DES) remains debated. This meta-analysis aims to provide updated insights into the comparative outcomes of DCBs versus DES in small coronary artery disease.

Improving diagnostic precision in thyroid nodule segmentation from ultrasound images with a self-attention mechanism-based Swin U-Net model.

Background: Accurate segmentation of thyroid nodules in ultrasound imaging remains a significant challenge in medical diagnostics, primarily due to edge blurring and substantial variability in nodule size. These challenges directly affect the precision of thyroid disorder diagnoses, which are crucial for metabolic and hormonal regulation.

Methods: This study proposes a novel segmentation approach utilizing a Swin U-Net architecture enhanced with a self-attention mechanism.

Taurine decreases arsenic and microplastic toxicity in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) through functional and microstructural alterations.

Contamination of vegetables with heavy metals and microplastics is a major environmental and human health concern. This study investigated the role of taurine (TAE) in alleviating arsenic (As) and polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MP) toxicity in broccoli plants. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment.

Methods of extraction of genetic material from hard tissues: A review of the 21st century advancements.

Skeletal remains are the only source of the genetic material of decomposed organisms or once-lived species. Unlike, soft tissues they are highly mineralized, and their anatomical and morphological structure prevents their deformation in the presence of adverse environmental factors. Therefore, bones and teeth protect the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) inside them.

Unveiling the potential of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 to ameliorate drought stress in Zea mays L.

The lactic acid bacterial (LAB) species have proven multifaceted roles in sustainable agriculture due to their biologically safe nature, making them eco-friendly. However, their plant growth-improving mechanisms in stressed and non-stressed conditions are still under consideration. Thus, the current work has been planned to evaluate the drought tolerance potential and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 in Zea mays L.

The peculiar characteristics and advancement in diagnostic methodologies of influenza A virus.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant public health concern, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. These outbreaks result from changes in the virus's surface proteins which include hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza A virus has a vast reservoir, including wild birds, pigs, horses, domestic and marine animals.

Next-generation vaccines for influenza B virus: advancements and challenges.

To battle seasonal outbreaks of influenza B virus infection, which continue to pose a major threat to world health, new and improved vaccines are urgently needed. In this article, we discuss the current state of next-generation influenza B vaccine development, including both advancements and challenges. This review covers the shortcomings of existing influenza vaccines and stresses the need for more-effective and broadly protective vaccines and more-easily scalable manufacturing processes.

The role of blended learning in improving medical students' academic performance: evidence from Pakistan.

Objective: The study examines the role of blended learning in improving medical students' academic performance through self-regulatory learning and technological competence and identifies the moderating role of perceived institutional support in the relationships between self-regulatory learning, perceived teacher credibility, technological competencies, and academic performance.

Methods: The study was based on behavioral learning theory as a theoretical framework, and an adapted questionnaire was used to collect the data. In total, 275 medical students participated in the study, and the data was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques with SmartPLS.

The role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in modern cultivation for the implementation of greenhouses.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most familiar names creating a benchmark and scaling new heights. IoT an indeed future of the communication that has transformed the objects (things) of the real world into smarter devices. With the advent of IoT technology, this decade is witnessing a transformation from traditional agriculture approaches to the most advanced ones.

Role of Supplementation with Selenium and Myo-Inositol Versus Selenium Alone in Patients of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The main objective was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of selenium alone versus a combination of myo-inositol and selenium (MI + Se) in treating patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). The study aims to determine which treatment option is more effective in restoring euthyroid state, as indicated by changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb).

Methods: Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that reported outcomes of combined treatment (MI + Se) in restoring a euthyroid state, specifically comparing it with selenium-only (Se-only) treatment.

Preparation and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Chitosan/Alginate Nanohybrid Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Beads: An Effective Approach to a Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System.

Background: Despite extensive research over the decades, cancer therapy is still a great challenge because of the non-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which could be overcome by limiting the distribution of chemotherapeutic agents toward cancer cells.

Objective: To reduce the cytolytic effects against cancer cells, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) can load anticancer medicines and genetic tools.

Methodology: During the current study, folic-acid-conjugated graphene oxide (Fa-GO) hybrid mucoadhesive chitosan (CS)-based hydrogel beads were fabricated through an "ion-gelation process", which allows for regulated medication release at malignant pH.

Allantoin regulated oxidative defense, secondary metabolism and ions homeostasis in maize ( L.) under heat stress.

Unlabelled: Understanding how maize responds to temperature stress is crucial for improving its resilience and productivity under changing climate conditions. Previous studies have shown that exogenous allantoin (ALA) regulates various physiological processes in plants under cadmium and salinity stress. The existing body of literature provides limited insight into the specific mechanisms that govern the impact of ALA on the physiological and biochemical responses of maize plants under heat stress.