Zinc and titanium nanoparticles exposure intensifies the risk of skin issues by elevating cytokine gene expression despite following current international safety protocols.

Objectives: The growing use of nanomaterials in daily life has raised concerns about their biological effects and potential toxicity. This study examines the impact of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) on the expression of cytokine genes related to inflammation and their effects on skin abnormalities.

Methods: Conducted in Iran in November 2021, this study involved 110 factory workers, all adhering to international safety protocols when handling nanomaterials.

High inflammatory cytokines gene expression can be detected in workers with prolonged exposure to silver and silica nanoparticles in industries.

Occupational health must be strictly considered in industries particularly in nanoparticle factories where workers were exposed to different types of chemicals. We measured the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in workers who developed skin lesions after exposure to silver and silica nanoparticles. Using a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study, we identified 110 workers in nanoparticle industries who were exposed to silver and silica nanoparticles.

Determination of the epitopic peptides of fig mosaic virus and the single-chain variable fragment antibody by mass spectrometry.

The study of antibody-antigen interactions, through epitope mapping, enhances our understanding of antibody neutralization and antigenic determinant recognition. Epitope mapping, employing monoclonal antibodies and mass spectrometry, has emerged as a rapid and precise method to investigate viral antigenic determinants. In this report, we propose an approach to improve the accuracy of epitopic peptide interaction rate recognition.

Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Venom in Melanoma.

Since the current treatments have not resulted in the desired outcomes for melanoma patients, there is a need to identify more effective medications. Together with other snake venom proteins, cytotoxin-II has shown promising results in tumoral cells. In this study, recombinant cytotoxin-II (rCTII) was expressed in SHuffle T7 Express cells, while the epitope mapping of rCTII was performed to reveal the antibody-binding regions of rCTII.

Conjugation of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody to Magnetic Nanoparticles and Screening of Fig Mosaic Virus by MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry.

The ability of mass spectrometry for discrimination between protein and peptide masses which are unique to specific pathogens provides an accurate and fast method for the detection of different types of pathogens, especially viruses. Capsid proteins are specific to each virus and can be used as a biomarker for detection of this pathogen. On the other hand, single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have been recently used to enhance the accuracy of immunoassay techniques.

Generation and molecular docking analysis of specific single-chain variable fragments selected by phage display against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of fig mosaic virus.

The mosaic disease caused by fig mosaic virus (FMV) is considered the plague of fig worldwide. A naïve phage display library, raised against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of FMV (FMV-Np) was screened to obtain specific monoclonal recombinant antibodies in the form of single chain variable fragments (scFvs). After three rounds of biopanning, the bacterially expressed FMV-Np was used as an antigen for selecting specific phages for the production of specific soluble scFvs to be used in immunological assays.

Production of a polyclonal antiserum against recombinant nucleocapsid protein and its application for the detection of fig mosaic virus.

Mosaic disease (MD), caused by Fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), is the most important and devastating virus disease of fig trees worldwide. The detection of FMV in infected plants is possible only through the use of molecular techniques, i.e.

Simple and effective label free electrochemical immunosensor for Fig mosaic virus detection.

Here, the construction and characterization of the first immunosensor for highly sensitive and label free detection of Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is reported. The specific antibody against nucleocapsid of the virus was raised and immobilized at the surface of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 3-mercapto propionic acid (MPA) modified gold electrode, via carbodiimide coupling reaction. The immunosensor fabrication steps were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phage Displayed scFv Fragment for Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Interactions.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression amplifies to excess amounts in several disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Although, Anti-TNF biologics have revolutionized the treatment of these autoimmune diseases, formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) has dramatically affected their use. The next generation antibodies ( Fab, scFv) have not only reduced resulted immunogenicity, but also proved several benefits including better tumor penetration and more rapid blood clearance.