Gender Inequity in Institutional Leadership Roles in US Academic Medical Centers: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Importance: Academic medical centers have focused their efforts on promoting gender equity in recent years, but the positive outcomes associated with those efforts remain to be seen in recruiting and retaining diverse institutional leadership.

Objective: To evaluate the current state of gender inequity in institutional leadership roles, such as deans, department chairs, and residency and fellowship program directors, at US academic medical centers.

Evidence Review: A search for articles published from January 1, 2019, to August 5, 2022, on gender inequity in institutional leadership roles at academic medical centers was performed using the PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC databases.

Student and Physician Views of How the Dobbs Decision Affects Training and Practice Location Preferences: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: By allowing for abortion bans and restrictions to take effect in the majority of US states, the 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision portends to have lasting impacts on patient care and the physician workforce. Notably, it is already beginning to impact practice location preferences of US health care workers, evidenced by declining application rates to residency programs in abortion-restrictive states since 2022. Yet, there remains a gap in the literature regarding why this trend exists.

A 20-year analysis of gender trends in oncology authorship in the Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate global longitudinal publication trends in oncology in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) from 2001-2020.

Design: Retrospective bibliometric analysis.

Primary And Secondary Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were the numbers and percentages of women as first, last, and corresponding author across all CDSR oncology publications.

COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Infertility Posts on X: Insights on a Misinformation Pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate misinformation surrounding infertility and the COVID-19 vaccine on X (formerly known as Twitter) by analyzing the prevalence and content of this misinformation across a sample of posts on X.

Methods: This study is a retrospective review of posts on X (formerly known as tweets) from the COVID-19-TweetIDs dataset from July 2021 and November 2021. Included posts were from crucial time points in the COVID-19 vaccine discourse and contained at least one word related to COVID-19 vaccination and fertility.

Barriers to cervical cancer prevention in a safety net clinic: gaps in HPV vaccine provider recommendation and series completion among Ob/Gyn patients.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate patients' knowledge regarding HPV vaccination and vaccine uptake in a diverse patient population. The secondary objective was to evaluate factors influencing the decision to vaccinate, potential barriers to vaccination, and to assess whether HPV vaccines were offered to or discussed with eligible patients in a safety net Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) clinic.

Methods: A 28-item survey was developed using Likert scale survey questions to assess patient agreement with statements regarding HPV and the vaccine.

Barriers to Family Building Among Physicians and Medical Students.

Importance: Physicians and medical students who desire to build families face significant barriers due to the structure and culture of medicine.

Objective: To understand the barriers and facilitators to family building for all people in medicine-not only individuals who can become pregnant-through an open-ended, qualitative analysis of survey responses.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study used a survey conducted in April and May 2021 with a broad sample of physicians and medical students.

Family Planning, Fertility, and Medical School: A Survey of Students' Plans and Perceptions of Institutional Support.

Background Deciding when to pursue parenthood can be difficult for medical trainees and infertility is more common in the physician population. However, few studies have examined the views of very early career trainees. The goal of this study was to assess premedical and medical student plans for family building, knowledge of fertility, and thoughts on assisted reproductive technology, as well as institutional support for parenthood in medical school and fertility curriculum.

Publicly available information about fertility benefits for trainees at medical schools in the US.

Purpose: Infertility affects one in four female physicians, yet current availability of fertility benefits within Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited residency programs in the United States (US) is unknown. Our objective was to examine publicly available fertility benefits information for residents and fellows.

Methods: The top 50 medical schools in the US for research were identified using US News & World Report 2022.

Uncovering social and environmental factors that increase the burden of climate-sensitive diarrheal infections on children.

Climate-sensitive infectious diseases are an issue of growing concern due to global warming and the related increase in the incidence of extreme weather and climate events. Diarrhea, which is strongly associated with climatic factors, remains among the leading causes of child death globally, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We use survey data for 51 LMICs between 2000 and 2019 in combination with gridded climate data to estimate the association between precipitation shocks and reported symptoms of diarrheal illness in young children.

Leveraging teachable moments in cancer prevention by improving HPV vaccination in health professional students (HPS): A systematic review.

Introduction: Vaccination against HPV is safe and effective in cancer prevention, yet vaccination uptake remains low. Strong recommendation of HPV vaccination by healthcare providers increases immunization rates, but gaps in knowledge persist surrounding HPV and HPV vaccination amongst health professional students (HPS). It is critical to educate HPS in all professions to maximize vaccination opportunities and increase vaccine uptake.

Precipitation variability and risk of infectious disease in children under 5 years for 32 countries: a global analysis using Demographic and Health Survey data.

Background: Precipitation variability is a potentially important driver of infectious diseases that are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disentangling the links between precipitation variability and disease risk is crucial in a changing climate. We aimed to investigate the links between precipitation variability and reported symptoms of infectious disease (cough, fever, and diarrhoea) in children younger than 5 years.

The Marine Gastropod Remains Resilient to Ocean Acidification Across Two Life History Stages.

Rising atmospheric CO reduces seawater pH causing ocean acidification (OA). Understanding how resilient marine organisms respond to OA may help predict how community dynamics will shift as CO continues rising. The common slipper shell snail is a marine gastropod native to eastern North America that has been a successful invader along the western European coastline and elsewhere.

Characterization of Groundwater Recharge and Flow in California's San Joaquin Valley From InSAR-Observed Surface Deformation.

Surface deformation in California's Central Valley (CV) has long been linked to changes in groundwater storage. Recent advances in remote sensing have enabled the mapping of CV deformation and associated changes in groundwater resources at increasingly higher spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) from the Sentinel-1 missions, augmented by continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) positioning, to characterize the surface deformation of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV, southern two-thirds of the CV) for consecutive dry (2016) and wet (2017) water years.

Women Physicians and the Suffrage Movement.

Women physicians have a long history of advocacy, dating to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. As history recounts the work of the suffragists, many women physicians bear mention. Some were leaders on the national scene, and others led suffrage efforts in their own state.

Understanding the Impact of Rainfall on Diarrhea: Testing the Concentration-Dilution Hypothesis Using a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Projected increases in extreme weather may change relationships between rain-related climate exposures and diarrheal disease. Whether rainfall increases or decreases diarrhea rates is unclear based on prior literature. The concentration-dilution hypothesis suggests that these conflicting results are explained by the background level of rain: Rainfall following dry periods can flush pathogens into surface water, increasing diarrhea incidence, whereas rainfall following wet periods can dilute pathogen concentrations in surface water, thereby decreasing diarrhea incidence.