Combining vinpocetine or cocoa with levodopa, Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B complex mitigates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Impact on Nrf2/HO-1, NF-kB, AMPK/SIRT-1/Beclin-1, AKT/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF and Apoptotic Pathways.

There are no curative treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), and current treatments focus on symptomatic management. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of combining L-DOPA/Carbidopa with essential cofactors (vitamin (VIT) B complex and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)), alone or in conjunction with vinpocetine (VIN) or cocoa, as a potential strategy to enhance neuroprotection in rotenone (RT)-induced PD rat model, highlighting mechanistic insights into their underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and focusing on addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. These combinations were tested on adult male Wistar rats allocated into six groups.

Melatonin and zinc supplements with physical and mental activities subside neurodegeneration and hepatorenal injury induced by aluminum chloride in rats: Inclusion of GSK-3β-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive cognitive dysfunction. Inflammaging is the greatest common factor between AD and hepatorenal malfunction. This study aimed to use melatonin (MEL) and zinc sulfate (Zn) in addition to physical and mental activities (PMA) to ameliorate AlCl-induced AD as well as investigate their impact on the associated hepatorenal impairment.

Evaluating the use of informational technologies by students of healthcare colleges for academic purposes over a five-year period.

This study aimed to assess the extent to which healthcare students use five informational technologies for daily academic purposes and to examine the changes in student perceptions toward these technologies over five years. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in 10 different colleges in seven governorates. We conducted a survey using the instruments developed from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

The influence of vitamin-C intake on blood glucose measurements in COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as pandemic by the World Health Orgnazation (WHO) on March 2020. One of the heavily utilized measures during this pandemic is vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid). Unfortunately, vitamin C has been associated with glucose measurement interference and thus this study highlights the elevated levels of blood glucose correlated with the presence of vitamin C interference.

Exploring Electronic Communication Modes Between Iraqi Faculty and Students of Pharmacy Schools Using the Technology Acceptance Model.

To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Facebook and university email for academic communications, and to examine factors influencing utilization within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An electronic survey was administered to convenience samples of students and faculty of six Iraqi public schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2015. Responses included 489 student and 128 faculty usable surveys.

Factors influencing the degree of physician-pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi public healthcare settings.

Objectives: Medication safety and effectiveness can be improved through interprofessional collaboration. The goals of this study were to measure the degree of physician-pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi governmental healthcare settings and to investigate factors influencing this collaboration.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Najaf Province using the Collaborative Working Relationship Model and Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Instrument (PPCI).

Antimicrobial utilization in an Iraqi province: a comprehensive evaluation of antibiotic source and cost.

Purpose: The aims were to calculate total systemic antibiotic consumption and cost in both public and private sectors in all care settings in Al-Najaf province, Iraq, during 2012, recognize the percentage of each pharmacological class for the dispensed antibiotics and identify oral and parenteral antibiotic percentages dispensed and the portions manufactured nationally and imported.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Najaf to calculate the total cost and quantities of antibiotics consumed during 2012 using World Health Organization Guidelines for Defined Daily Dose (DDD).

Key Findings: The results showed more than 21 million DDDs were dispensed in Al-Najaf in one year, and more than half (54.

Evaluation of instruments to assess health literacy in Arabic language among Iraqis.

Background: Low health literacy is associated with lack of medical information, less use of preventive measures, low medication adherence rates, high health care costs and high risk of hospitalization.

Objective: The aims were to compare the results of the three health literacy tests, to measure for the first time the health literacy level of Iraqis, to describe the use of standardized health literacy tests, to evaluate reliability and validity of the Arabic versions of these tests, and to investigate whether there is relationship between the participant characteristics and the health literacy level.

Methods: A convenience sample of 95 subjects was studied in five community pharmacies in Al-Najaf and Babylon governorates, Iraq.