Kidney melanosis associated with a novel HSP-1 Hermansky-Pudlak oculocutaneous albinism mutation: a case report.

Introduction: Melanin deposition in the kidney is rare and appears limited to the conditions of oculocutaneous albinism and malignant melanoma with melanuria. Melanin is generally an insoluble polymer, and it is curious how people with albinism who have little or no skin pigmentation can secrete melanin into the bloodstream, have it pass through the glomerular filtration barrier, and be absorbed by renal tubules.

Methods: The concentration and solubility of melanin were analyzed in kidney tissue and urine of a renal transplant donor who had a pre-nephrectomy biopsy performed on a black kidney.

A case report of rare granular cell tumor of the urinary bladder.

Granular cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon tumors that originate in any part of the body. They have been mainly observed in the skin and soft tissue of the head and neck, and are mostly benign tumors. Urinary bladder GCT are extremely rare tumors.

The diagnostic challenge of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, a case report with literature reviews.

Introduction: Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare genetic condition characterized by impaired collagen production or metabolism. This study aims to present a rare case of JHF.

Case Report: An 11-year-old boy presented with bilateral keloid-like lesions on his ears and admitted intermittent reappearance of such lesions since he was seven.

The causes and frequency of kidney allograft failure in a low-resource setting: observational data from Iraqi Kurdistan.

Background: In the developing world, transplantation is the most common long-term treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, but rates and causes of graft failure are uncertain.

Methods: This was a retrospective outcomes study of renal transplant patients seen in Iraqi Kurdistan nephrology clinics in the year 2019. In 2019, 871 renal transplant patients were registered and outcomes followed through 12/31/2020.

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder; A case report.

Introduction: Mullerianosis is a sporadic condition of the urinary bladder. The study aims to present a case of mullerianosis with a brief literature review.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old lady presented with hematuria for one-year duration.

The influence of vitamin-C intake on blood glucose measurements in COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as pandemic by the World Health Orgnazation (WHO) on March 2020. One of the heavily utilized measures during this pandemic is vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid). Unfortunately, vitamin C has been associated with glucose measurement interference and thus this study highlights the elevated levels of blood glucose correlated with the presence of vitamin C interference.

Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men.

Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown.

Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 56,000 total participants and 25,000 regular participants (those training more than 1 year). Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population.

Sweet syndrome: a rare feature of ANCA-associated vasculitis or unusual consequence of azathioprine-induced treatment.

Background: Sweet syndrome is a rare skin condition characterised by fever, neutrophilia, and tender erythematous skin lesions and has been reported to occur in association with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) as well as complicate treatment with azathioprine therapy. Azathioprine, a relatively safe immunosuppressive, is frequently used to maintain disease remission in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. The occurrence of Sweet syndrome in a patient with ANCA-positive vasculitis and following treatment with azathioprine prompted us to present this clinical case and share this unusually rare occurrence.

Incidence of glomerulonephritis and non-diabetic end-stage renal disease in a developing middle-east region near armed conflict.

Background: Estimates of the incidence of glomerulonephritis (GN) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in an Iraqi population are compared with the United States (US) and Jordan.

Methods: The study set consist of renal biopsies performed in 2012 and 2013 in the Kurdish provinces of Northern Iraq. The age specific and age standardized incidence of GN was calculated from the 2011 population.

Upper Lumbar Mature Cystic Teratoma: A Case Report.

Background: Intradural extramedullary spinal teratoma (IEST) is a rare condition in adults, with a male predominance. It is commonly associated with spinal dysraphism, lumbar puncture, and previous spinal surgery. This case is a 37-year-old male diagnosed with a mature cystic IEST without dysraphism or previous surgical interventions.

Research-oriented series: a portal into the culture of biomedical research for junior medical students at Alfaisal University in Saudi Arabia.

Student contributions to research have been shown to effectively reflect on their communication and critical thinking skills. Short-term research courses offer opportunities for medical students to advance their research experience in subsequent high-demanding long-term research opportunities. The purpose of the present study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a research-oriented series (ROS) on undergraduate students at Alfaisal University in Saudi Arabia.