Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Corneal Diseases.

We evaluated the clinical applications of artificial intelligence models in diagnosing corneal diseases, highlighting their performance metrics and clinical potential. A systematic search was conducted for several disease categories: keratoconus (KC), Fuch's endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), infectious keratitis (IK), corneal neuropathy, dry eye disease (DED), and conjunctival diseases. Metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were extracted.

Ocular Complications in stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare but life-threatening mucocutaneous disorders, primarily triggered by adverse drug reactions. Although systemic manifestations have been extensively studied, ocular involvement remains a major cause of morbidity, often resulting in severe visual impairment or blindness.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management strategies for ocular complications in SJS/TEN.

Late-onset malignant glaucoma associated with Soemmering's ring: A case report.

Malignant glaucoma typically presents immediately after angle-closure surgery. However, late-onset malignant glaucoma can occur after various ocular procedures. This report describes the case of an African-American woman in her late 70s who developed malignant glaucoma 7 years after cataract surgery.

The Pattern of Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes: Findings From the National Trauma Registry in Iran.

Background: Fractures constitute a significant concern in low-income and middle-income countries, primarily due to road traffic crashes (RTCs), a leading cause of such injuries. This study aimed to analyze fracture patterns resulting from RTCs in Iran. A cross-sectional study.

Deep learning-based classification of fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis using confocal microscopy.

Introduction: Fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis carry the worst prognoses among microbial keratitis (IK), owing to challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study assesses the feasibility of deep learning (DL) to classify types of IK-fungal keratitis (FK), Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), and nonspecific keratitis (NSK) (any other corneal inflammation)-and subtyping of FK using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Methods: In this study, we employed transfer learning with a ResNet50 architecture to classify culture-confirmed keratitis types in a dataset of 1975 images (1137 FK, 457 AK, and 381 NSK) obtained from the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT 3).

Oculoplastic Interventions in the Management of Ocular Surface Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.

This study aimed to comprehensively review surgical interventions for ocular surface diseases (OSDs), including dry eye syndrome (DES), exposure keratopathy, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD), and to highlight the indications, contraindications, outcomes, and complications of various oculoplastic procedures used in their management. A narrative review was performed based on expert-guided selection of relevant studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant keywords included "ocular surface disease", "dry eye syndrome", "exposure keratopathy", "thyroid eye disease (TED)", "neurotrophic keratopathy (NK)", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "toxic epidermal necrolysis", "punctal occlusion", "tarsorrhaphy", "botulinum toxin", "eyelid loading", "retractor weakening", "corneal neurotization (CN)", "amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT)", "conjunctival flap", "ocular graft versus host disease", and "salivary gland transplantation (SGT)".

Infectious scleritis: a comprehensive narrative review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management strategies.

This study aims to provide an update on infectious scleritis (IS). A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. IS is a rare but critical condition that presents significant diagnostic challenges and often leads to poor visual outcomes.

Perioperative Use of Pregabalin vs. Duloxetine for Pain Management of Knee Fracture Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Effective postoperative pain management, particularly in orthopedic procedures, presents significant challenges. There is increasing evidence supporting the benefits of multimodal analgesia, including the use of gabapentinoids and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), to minimize opioid consumption while effectively managing pain. However, a gold-standard treatment has not been established.

The impact of dignity therapy on demoralization syndrome in patients undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial exploring a nurse-led psychotherapeutic approach in oncology care.

Purpose: Demoralization is a common psychological distress experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led dignity therapy in reducing demoralization syndrome among this patient population.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 84 patients undergoing chemotherapy, who were allocated to either an intervention group (n = 42) receiving three sessions of dignity therapy by a trained oncology nurse, or a control group (n = 42) receiving standard care.

The role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography in predicting outcomes of acute ocular burns.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) in determining the prognosis of ocular chemical injuries by correlating angiographic features with early complications and visual outcomes.

Method: Forty-six eyes of 36 patients with acute chemical injuries at Farabi Eye Hospital were studied prospectively. Participants received immediate medical care, followed by thorough ophthalmological examinations, including slit-lamp examination and AS-OCTA imaging.

Infectious Endophthalmitis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Microbiology Profile, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern.

Purpose: To describe the demographic characteristics, etiology, microbiological spectrum, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in patients with endophthalmitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series spanning from May 2012 to September 2018. All included patients were diagnosed with endophthalmitis and confirmed by laboratory tests.

Cardioprotective and Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate: Novel Insights Into Biological Evidence.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, is of considerable interest principally due to its proposed antihypertensive and cardioprotective properties. New research shows that EGCG can help relax the circulation of blood vessels, reduce arterial stiffness of arteries, and promote antioxidant activity promotion, which results in lowering blood pressure (BP) and better-improving heart health. It also affects signaling pathways related to nitric oxide (NO) production, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are crucial for vascular homeostasis.

Comparing Clinical Outcomes after Toe Amputation and Toe-Sparing Surgery in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer.

Background: Diabetic ulceration leads to amputation in up to 85% of cases. Managing a diabetic ulcer requires an expert team to prevent wound progression and apply proper supportive procedures, decreasing the risk of amputation. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of toe-sparing surgery and toe amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Hepatopathy and acute kidney injury Following Corrective Cardiac Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass pump in Pediatric with Congenital Heart Defects.

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common anomalies in children. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is widely used in cardiac surgeries, but it is associated with complications. Liver and kidney injuries frequently occur during CPB.

Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Seminal Vesicles: A Rare Case With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicles is rare but treatable. Multimodal imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in a 68-year-old male. Eight cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy achieved a favorable outcome, emphasizing early intervention in atypical pelvic masses.

Diagnostic Performance of Publicly Available Large Language Models in Corneal Diseases: A Comparison with Human Specialists.

This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of seven publicly available large language models (LLMs)-GPT-3.5, GPT-4.o Mini, GPT-4.

Safety of subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stromal cells in persistent corneal epithelial disease - A phase 1b clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and tolerability of subconjunctival injection of three escalating doses of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with persistent corneal epithelial defect/disease (PCED).

Design: Prospective single-center open label phase 1b clinical trial.

Participants: Patients with PCED in the setting of neurotrophic keratitis and/or limbal stem cell deficiency.

Facial expression deep learning algorithms in the detection of neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Neurological disorders, ranging from common conditions like Alzheimer's disease that is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and remains the most common cause of dementia worldwide to rare disorders such as Angelman syndrome, impose a significant global health burden. Altered facial expressions are a common symptom across these disorders, potentially serving as a diagnostic indicator. Deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown promise in detecting these facial expression changes, aiding in diagnosing and monitoring neurological conditions.

Distribution of phenotypes of coronal plane alignment of the knees and functional phenotypes in the healthy young Iranian population: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The functional phenotypes and the coronal plane alignment knee (CPAK) classification have recently been introduced. This study aimed to describe the phenotypes of normal knees in the healthy young Iranian population based on these systems.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 402 knees in 201 healthy young adults.

Application of psycho-educational intervention to reduce menstrual-related distress among adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of psycho-educational intervention on severity of menstrual distress symptoms among adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from August 2019 to April 2020 comprising 120 adolescent girls. The study settings were high schools in Qazvin City.

The study of total hip arthroplasty outcomes among statin users in Sina Hospital, Iran.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a highly effective intervention for hip osteoarthritis. The increasing demand for THA is driven by an expanding pool of eligible patients, including elderly individuals with comorbidities. Statins, which are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, have shown potential benefits in reducing postoperative complications after joint arthroplasty.

Performance of DeepSeek, Qwen 2.5 MAX, and ChatGPT Assisting in Diagnosis of Corneal Eye Diseases, Glaucoma, and Neuro-Ophthalmology Diseases Based on Clinical Case Reports.

Background: This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of several AI models, including Deepseek, in diagnosing corneal diseases, glaucoma, and neuro□ophthalmologic disorders.

Methods: We retrospectively selected 53 case reports from the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Iowa, comprising 20 corneal disease cases, 11 glaucoma cases, and 22 neuro□ophthalmology cases. The case descriptions were input into DeepSeek, ChatGPT□4.

Advancing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Innovations.

: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness, with its global prevalence projected to rise sharply as diabetes incidence increases. Early detection and timely management are critical to reducing DR-related vision loss. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) now enables non-invasive, layer-specific visualization of the retinal vasculature, facilitating more precise identification of early microvascular changes.

Advancing Bilateral Limbal Deficiency Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations with Mucosal Cells.

Besides alternative surgical methods for bilateral limbal deficiency, such as KLAL (keratolimbal allograft), living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (LR-CLAL), and keratoprosthesis, regenerative medicine often necessitates the use of alternative sources of limbal cells in cases where access to fellow eye source cells is limited. Mucosal cells are most commonly used to restore limbal tissue in such scenarios. Current techniques involving mucosal cells include cultivated oral mucosal transplantation (COMT), oral mucosal graft transplantation (OMGT), and simple oral mucosal transplantation (SOMT).