Hydration-induced hydronephrosis in healthy adults: a diagnostic pitfall in renal ultrasound imaging.

Background: Hydronephrosis is a common finding on renal ultrasound, but its physiological causes-such as hydration-induced distention-remain under-recognized in healthy individuals. Misinterpreting such cases as pathological may lead to unnecessary investigations. This study aimed to determine whether rapid oral hydration induces transient hydronephrosis in healthy adults, and to characterize its timing, laterality, and reversibility.

The impact of maternal stress on non-syndromic clefts: a retrospective case-control study.

Purpose: To assess the effect of COVID-19 related maternal psychological stress (MS) in the first trimester of pregnancy on non-syndromic orofacial-clefts (NSOFCs).

Methods: This retrospective case-control cross-sectional study included infants who were born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sample size was determined based on differences in MS and their effect on clefts etiology.