Ethnicity and involuntary hospitalisation: a study of intersectional effects.

Purpose: Studies have found that the Mental Health Act is used disproportionally among minoritised ethnicities. Yet, little research has been conducted to understand how the intersectionality of ethnicity with sociodemographic factors relates to involuntary admission. This study aimed to investigate whether an association between ethnicity and involuntary hospitalisation is altered by variations in service-users' sociodemographic positions.

GPS navigation assistance is associated with driving mobility in older drivers.

Maintaining driving mobility is essential for maintaining independence and wellbeing within older age. However, cognitive decline caused by age-related neurophysiological changes typically causes older drivers to self-regulate their driving and reduce their driving mobility. Electronic navigation assistance technologies, such as Sat-Nav, are increasingly popular amongst older drivers and can potentially alleviate cognitive demands amongst older drivers to enhance driving mobility.

Does carer psychological inflexibility moderate the relationship between Motor Neurone Disease symptomatology and carer anticipatory grief emotions?

Anticipatory grief (AG) in family carers of people living with motor neurone disease (MND) is underexplored. Research has identified MND symptoms as significant predictors of AG in carers. This study investigated whether carer psychological inflexibility moderates the relationship between MND symptoms and carer AG, a crucial area for informing supportive interventions.

The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis and national lockdown on hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and migraine: the outcome of a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To identify changes in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and migraine in individuals with Ménière's disease diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 and during the UK national lockdown.

Method: Patients were questioned regarding coronavirus disease 2019 status and how their symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and migraine changed because of the pandemic. Of the 411 participants recruited into this study, 382 had a self-reported coronavirus disease 2019 status.

A syndemic approach to the study of Covid-19-related death: a cohort study using UK Biobank data.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic showed higher infection, severity and death rates among those living in poorer socioeconomic conditions. We use syndemic theory to guide the analyses to investigate the impact of social adversity and multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) on Covid-19 mortality.

Methods: The study sample comprised 154 725 UK Biobank participants.

Musculoskeletal shoulder pain: Home exercise frequency and adherence to appointments are not mediators of outcome.

Objective: To investigate whether appointment adherence and frequency of home exercises mediates the association of baseline i) pain self-efficacy (PSE) or ii) patient expectation of recovery, with outcome at 6 months.

Design: Multicentre longitudinal cohort study.

Methods: Six-month outcome data (SPADI, QuickDASH) were provided by 810 of 1030 recruited participants.

The clinical and cost effectiveness of internet-delivered self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with ethnically diverse family carers.

Background: Following the successful completion of feasibility and acceptability studies of internet-delivered self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS), a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating its clinical and cost effectiveness will be conducted. This paper describes the design and protocol for a multi-site, parallel, single-blind, 2-arm RCT evaluating the clinical and cost effectiveness of iACT4CARERS plus treatment-as-usual (TAU) in comparison to TAU alone for reducing anxiety in family carers of people with dementia.

Methods: 496 family carers aged ≥18 years, who are caring for a person with dementia, will be recruited from national healthcare services, general practices and community groups in England.

Investigating the synergistic effects of hormone replacement therapy, apolipoprotein E and age on brain health in the UK Biobank.

Global prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease has a strong sex bias, with women representing approximately two-thirds of the patients. Yet, the role of sex-specific risk factors during midlife, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their interaction with other major risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE)-e4 genotype and age, on brain health remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between HRT (i.

Nurturing Attentiveness: A Naturalistic Observation Study of Personal Care Interactions Between People With Advanced Dementia and Their Caregivers.

Background And Objectives: Personal care interactions can provide vital opportunities for caregivers to engage with a person living with advanced dementia. However, interactions may also be a contentious experience, what makes this so is not fully understood. We aimed to examine features of personal care interactions between caregivers and people with advanced dementia to understand how care may be improved.

Cluster Analysis to Identify Clinical Subtypes of Ménière's Disease.

Objective: To identify distinct clinical subtypes of Ménière's disease by analyzing data acquired from a UK registry of patients who have been diagnosed with Ménière's disease.

Study Design: Observational study.

Methods: Patients with Ménière's disease were identified at secondary/tertiary care clinics.

The Impact of Spatial Orientation Changes on Driving Behavior in Healthy Aging.

Objectives: Global cognitive changes in older age affect driving behavior and road safety, but how spatial orientation differences affect driving behaviors is unknown on a population level, despite clear implications for driving policy and evaluation during aging. The present study aimed to establish how spatial navigation changes affect driving behavior and road safety within a large cohort of older adults.

Methods: Eight hundred and four participants (mean age: 71.

Shoulder pain: Is the outcome of manual therapy, acupuncture and electrotherapy different for people with high compared to low pain self-efficacy? An analysis of effect moderation.

Background: High baseline pain self-efficacy (PSE) predicts a better outcome for people attending physiotherapy for musculoskeletal shoulder pain. A potential contributing factor is that PSE moderates the relationship between some treatment modalities and outcome. Our aim was to investigate whether there is a difference in outcome between participants with high compared to low PSE receiving manual therapy, acupuncture, and electrotherapy.

Defining severity of personality disorder using electronic health records: short report.

Severity of personality disorder is an important determinant of future health. However, this key prognostic variable is not captured in routine clinical practice. Using a large clinical data-set, we explored the predictive validity of items from the Health of Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) as potential indicators of personality disorder severity.

Multimorbidity pattern and risk of dementia in later life: an 11-year follow-up study using a large community cohort and linked electronic health records.

Background: Several long-term chronic illnesses are known to be associated with an increased risk of dementia independently, but little is known how combinations or clusters of potentially interacting chronic conditions may influence the risk of developing dementia.

Methods: 447 888 dementia-free participants of the UK Biobank cohort at baseline (2006-2010) were followed-up until 31 May 2020 with a median follow-up duration of 11.3 years to identify incident cases of dementia.

What are the factors associated with people with advanced dementia refusing assistance with personal care?

Background: People with dementia sometimes refuse assistance with personal care activities such as washing or dressing. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with refusals of care in advanced dementia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using informant-based measures.

Ethnic inequalities in involuntary admission under the Mental Health Act: an exploration of mediation effects of clinical care prior to the first admission.

Background: Studies show ethnic inequalities in rates of involuntary admission and types of clinical care (such as psychological therapies). However, few studies have investigated if there is a relationship between clinical care practices and ethnic inequalities in involuntary admission.

Aims: This study investigated the impact of ethnicity and clinical care on involuntary admission and the potential mediation effects of prior clinical care.

Borrowing strength from clinical trials in analysing longitudinal data from a treated cohort: investigating the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the management of dementia.

Background: Health care professionals seek information about effectiveness of treatments in patients who would be offered them in routine clinical practice. Electronic medical records (EMRs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can both provide data on treatment effects; however, each data source has limitations when considered in isolation.

Methods: A novel modelling methodology which incorporates RCT estimates in the analysis of EMR data via informative prior distributions is proposed.

Contributions of Caregiver Management Styles to the Discrepancy Between Reported and Observed Task Performance in People with Dementia.

Background: The identification and understanding of the discrepancy between caregivers' reports of people with dementia's (PwD) performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and observed performance, could clarify what kind of support a PwD effectively needs when completing tasks. Strategies used by caregivers have not been included in the investigation of this discrepancy.

Objective: To (1) investigate if caregivers' report of PwD's ADL performance are consistent with PwD's observed performance; (2) explore if caregiver management styles, depression, and anxiety, contribute to this discrepancy.

Factors affecting the quality of life of family carers of people with dementia: the role of carer anxiety.

The role of anxiety on the quality of life of family carers of people with dementia is somewhat neglected in the carer literature. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of common risk factors (i.e.

Most Common Refusals of Personal Care in Advanced Dementia: Psychometric Properties of the Refusal of Care Informant Scale.

Background And Objectives: Refusals of care in dementia can be a source of distress for people with dementia and their caregivers. Informant-based measures to examine refusals of care are limited and often measure other behaviors such as agitation. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the newly developed, 14-item, Refusal of Care Informant Scale (RoCIS) and then use the scale to verify the most common refusal behaviors.

Ethnic inequalities in clozapine use among people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study using data from electronic clinical records.

Purpose: Clozapine is the most effective intervention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Several studies report ethnic disparities in clozapine treatment. However, few studies restrict analyses to TRS cohorts alone or address confounding by benign ethnic neutropenia.