Oral natural extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications: Advances and clinical perspectives.

Background: Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles derived from diverse biological sources, recognized for their roles in intercellular communication and therapeutic cargo delivery. Due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, EVs have garnered increasing interest as oral drug delivery vehicles. However, despite growing preclinical research, there is currently no comprehensive review that systematically focuses on EVs specifically for oral delivery applications-a critical gap in the literature.

Powerful Tribocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Solutions with Concentrations as High as 100 mg/L by BaTiO Nanoparticles.

In sharp contrast to photocatalysis and other prevalent catalytic technologies, tribocatalysis has emerged as a promising technology to degrade high-concentration organic dyes in recent years. In this study, BaTiO (BTO) nanoparticles were challenged to degrade methyl orange (MO) solutions with unprecedentedly high concentrations through magnetic stirring. With BTO nanoparticles and home-made PTFE magnetic rotary disks in 50 mg/L MO solutions, 10 h of magnetic stirring resulted in 91.

Optical Fiber Coupling System for Steerable Endoscopic Instruments.

In this paper, we present an optical coupling system that couples light from an Endostat fiber in a commercial laser surgical system into a smaller multimode fiber, in order to enable endoscopic probe steering in a tightly confined space. Unlike the Endostat fibers, which have a minimum bending radius of 12 mm due to the large diameter, our work allows the laser to be delivered by smaller fibers that can be readily bent at a 6-mm bending radius by a distal steerable mechanism. Such a readily achievable sharp bending facilitates the surgical laser to access hard-to-reach anatomies.

HERC2 inactivation abrogates nucleolar localization of RecQ helicases BLM and WRN.

The nucleolus is a nuclear structure composed of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and functions as a site for rRNA synthesis and processing. The rDNA is guanine-rich and prone to form G-quadruplex (G4), a secondary structure of DNA. We have recently found that HERC2, an HECT ubiquitin ligase, promotes BLM and WRN RecQ DNA helicases to resolve the G4 structure.

HERC2 regulates RPA2 by mediating ATR-induced Ser33 phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation.

Replication protein A (RPA) binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA and is essential for the genome stability. We reported that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, HERC2, suppresses G-quadruplex (G4) DNA by regulating RPA-helicase complexes. However, the precise mechanism of HERC2 on RPA is as yet largely unknown.

Combretastatin A4 Regulates Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Thyroid Cancer Cells via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND Combretastatin A4 (CA4) is a potential therapeutic candidate for a variety of human cancer treatments. However, the inhibitive effects of CA4 on thyroid cancer cells are still not well-clarified. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of CA4 on thyroid cancer cells, as well as underlying mechanism.