Adaptation and carbon reduction for petroleum contaminated soil remediation in response to climate change-a case study of phytoremediation combined with biochar.

Petroleum serves as a critical energy source and industrial raw material, yet its leakage frequently leads to severe soil contamination. Traditional remediation methods for petroleum-contaminated soil are often energy-intensive and associated with high carbon emissions. To address climate change challenges, it is imperative to adopt green and sustainable remediation technologies that reduce energy consumption and carbon footprints simultaneously.