Fabrication of serum-based SERS-tailored 3D structures for thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Early detection of thyroid cancer improves patient survival rate from 51.9% to 99.9%.

Fatty liver index and risk of type 2 diabetes of adults with normoglycemia: Insights into insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function.

The fatty liver index (FLI) is a simple tool used to assess metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Previous studies have shown the utility of the FLI as an early predictor of diabetes for patients with prediabetes. We evaluated whether the FLI could predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) by performing a retrospective assessment of a community-based cohort over the course of 18 years.

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular and Lower Limb Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Purpose: The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are well established, but their effects on lower limb events (LLEs) remain inconclusive, with conflicting findings from clinical trials and real-world studies. This study aimed to assess the risks of CV and LLEs associated with SGLT2i compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: The study included patients with type 2 diabetes who were newly prescribed SGLT2i or DPP-4i using data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea.

1-Hour Postload Glucose: Early Screening for High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans With Normal Fasting Glucose.

Context: With rising the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, the importance of 1-hour postload plasma glucose (1-h PG) for early hyperglycemia screening is emphasized.

Objective: This study investigates the utility of 1-h PG in predicting T2DM in adults with normal fasting plasma glucose levels.

Methods: A total of 7504 participants were categorized into 3 groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with 1-h PG < 155 mg/dL, NGT with 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

UBE2N Is Essential for Maintenance of Skin Homeostasis and Suppression of Inflammation.

UBE2N, a Lys63 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, plays critical roles in embryogenesis and immune system development and function. However, its roles in adult epithelial tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis are unclear. We generated conditional mouse models that deleted Ube2n in skin cells in a temporally and spatially controlled manner.

Triglyceride-glucose index predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus more effectively than oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers.

Aims: We explored the role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as an early and superior predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) using a community-based Korean cohort over 18 years.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 6,072 adults with NGT from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to evaluate the risk of incidence of T2DM and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC).

Effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program based on a mobile serious game for childhood cancer survivors: A quasi-randomized trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program based on a mobile serious game (HLP-MSG) to enhance the lifestyles of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs).

Methods: This program proceeded in two stages: development and evaluation, using a non-synchronized design with a quasi-randomized trial. The participants were CCSs aged 6-13 years whose treatment was terminated at least 12 months prior.

Efficacy of Supplemental Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Combined with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block in Patients Receiving Local Infiltration Analgesia after Hip Fracture Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) represents a potential approach to reducing pain in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block also provides adequate analgesia for fractures and THA. As most hip surgeries use a lateral incision, affecting the cutaneous supply by branches of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), the LFCN block can contribute to postoperative analgesia.

UBE2N is essential for maintenance of skin homeostasis and suppression of inflammation.

UBE2N, a Lys63-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, plays critical roles in embryogenesis and immune system development and function. However, its roles in adult epithelial tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis are unclear. We generated conditional mouse models that deleted in skin cells in a temporally and spatially controlled manner.

Automated lung tumor segmentation robust to various tumor sizes using a consistency learning-based multi-scale dual-attention network.

Background: It is often difficult to automatically segment lung tumors due to the large tumor size variation ranging from less than 1 cm to greater than 7 cm depending on the T-stage.

Objective: This study aims to accurately segment lung tumors of various sizes using a consistency learning-based multi-scale dual-attention network (CL-MSDA-Net).

Methods: To avoid under- and over-segmentation caused by different ratios of lung tumors and surrounding structures in the input patch according to the size of the lung tumor, a size-invariant patch is generated by normalizing the ratio to the average size of the lung tumors used for the training.

The Ratio of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Cystatin C and Creatinine Reflecting Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Patients.

Background: The ratio of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on cystatin C and creatinine (eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio) is related to accumulating atherosclerosis-promoting proteins and increased mortality in several cohorts.

Methods: We assessed whether the eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio is a predictor of arterial stiffness and sub-clinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, who were followed up during 2008 to 2016. GFR was estimated using an equation based on cystatin C and creatinine.

Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population.

Objective: This study investigated the association between relative hand grip strength (HGS) and glycemic status, such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using the data from the KNHANES of 27,894 individuals from 2014 to 2019. Relative HGS was defined as the absolute HGS divided by body mass index and divided into quartiles in men and women.

Inter-Slice Resolution Improvement Using Convolutional Neural Network with Orbital Bone Edge-Aware in Facial CT Images.

The 3D modeling of orbital bones in facial CT images is essential to provide a customized implant for reconstructions of orbit and related structures during surgery. However, 3D models of the orbital bone show an aliasing effect and disconnected thin bone in the inter-slice direction because the slice thickness is two to three times larger than the pixel spacing. To improve the inter-slice resolution of facial CT images, we propose a method based on a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) that uses the spatial information on the sagittal and axial planes and the orbital bone edge-aware (OBE) loss.

Synergistic Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Population.

Background: The present study investigated the role of synergistic interaction between hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity as a risk factor for the components of metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using the data of 16,094 individuals from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2018). The adjusted odds ratios of metabolic syndrome and its components were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Skin Injury Activates a Rapid TRPV1-Dependent Antiviral Protein Response.

The skin serves as the interface between the body and the environment and plays a fundamental role in innate antimicrobial host immunity. Antiviral proteins (AVPs) are part of the innate host defense system and provide protection against viral pathogens. How breach of the skin barrier influences innate AVP production remains largely unknown.

IL-27 Derived From Macrophages Facilitates IL-15 Production and T Cell Maintenance Following Allergic Hypersensitivity Responses.

Crosstalk between T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages in temporal leukocyte clusters within barrier tissues provides a new concept for T cell activation in the skin. Activated T cells from these leukocyte clusters play critical roles in the efferent phase of allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS). However, the cytokines driving maintenance and survival of pathogenic T cells during and following CHS remain mostly unknown.

Prenatal diagnosis of de novo DMD duplication by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) after noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) at 11 gestational weeks.

Objective: Dystrophinopathy is an X-linked recessive muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the DMD gene. Herein we describe the prenatal detection of DMD gene mutations in a patient with no family history, by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) after noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS).

Case Report: A 41-year-old woman underwent NIPS owing to an advanced maternal age.

Fabrication of Durable Ni-YSZ Hydrogen Electrode for High-Temperature Solid Electrolyzer Cells.

Solid oxide electrolyzer cells with an Ni-Fe-yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-Fe-YSZ) hydrogen electrode as the cathode, lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSCF)-gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) air electrode as the anode, and YSZ as the electrolyte were fabricated, and the oxidation protection effect of sacrificial Fe particles was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that Ni was protected from oxidation under a water vapor atmosphere by sacrificial Fe. Scanning electron microscopy observations suggested that the Ni particles accumulated in the Ni-YSZ hydrogen electrode, which might have been associated with the partial oxidation of Ni during cell operation at 700 °C in 50% H₂O/15% H₂/35% Ar atmosphere.