Multi-omics signature of healthy versus unhealthy lifestyles reveals associations with diseases.

This multi-omics cross-sectional study investigated differences in metabolomics, proteomics, and epigenomics profiles between two groups of adults matched for age but differing in lifestyle factors such as body composition, diet, and physical activity patterns. Data from prior studies were utilized for a comprehensive integrative analysis. The study included 52 participants in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females).

Distal Mutations in a Designed Retro-Aldolase Alter Loop Dynamics to Shift and Accelerate the Rate-Limiting Step.

Amino acid residues distant from an enzyme's active site are known to influence catalysis, but their mechanistic contributions to the catalytic cycle remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the structural, functional, and mechanistic impacts of distal and active-site mutations discovered through directed evolution of the computationally designed retro-aldolase RA95. Active-site mutations improve catalytic efficiency by 3,600-fold, while distal mutations alone offer no improvement.

Gut Microbiome in early life and Bone Health Outcomes at Age 6: a Danish Mother-Child Cohort Study.

The gut microbiome is associated with bone mass acquisition, yet evidence in childhood remains limited. Given that lower peak bone mass predicts osteoporosis in later life, understanding early influences is important. This analysis explores the association between the early life gut microbiome and bone health in later childhood.

Understanding Home Health Agencies' Perspectives Toward Telehealth Use Among Home Health Stakeholders in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth in home health care (HHC), but its sustainability remains uncertain. Despite telehealth's potential benefits, including improved patient monitoring and expanded access, the lack of reimbursement and regulatory constraints may limit widespread adoption. Understanding how home health agencies (HHAs) perceive these challenges is critical for shaping future telehealth policy.

Microfabricated electrochemical aptasensing chip modified with dual-function antifouling linker for single-drop label-free assay of oxytetracycline in milk.

The fabrication and characterization of a novel integrated electrochemical aptasensing device and its application to oxytetracycline (OTC) determination in milk is described. The microfabricated three-electrode chip is composed of gold working and counter electrodes and a silver reference electrode deposited on a Kapton film by physical vapor deposition. The working electrode is modified with α-lipoic acid-NHS, an antifouling linker, onto which an amine-modified OTC-specific aptamer is further attached.

The Sunspot Solar Observatory Data Archive: Continuing Operations at the Dunn Solar Telescope.

The Sunspot Solar Observatory Data Archive (SSODA) stores data acquired with the suite of instruments at the Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) from February 2018 to the present. The instrumentation at the DST continues to provide high cadence imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry of the solar photosphere and chromosphere across a wavelength range from 3500 Å to 11,000 Å.

Direct, Selective, and Rapid Measurement of HCN at Sub-ppb Levels Using HiT-CD-IMS: Applications to Cell Culture and Breath Analysis.

This study demonstrates the use of a research-grade ion mobility spectrometer combined with a high-temperature negative corona discharge ionization source (HiT-CD-IMS) to detect hydrogen cyanide (HCN) emitted by (PA) cultures and in human breath. The HCN spectrum revealed distinct peaks for CN, CNO, and (CN) ions, with a resolving power of 63, successfully overcoming potential interferences such as the HS peak by optimizing the experimental conditions. This approach achieved an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.

Adverse events in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemo/immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer: results from seven academic medical centers.

Purpose: The standard-of-care neoadjuvant treatment for early-stage or locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the KEYNOTE-522 regimen that combines pembrolizumab and chemotherapy. Although this approach has superior response and survival rates, high-grade adverse events (AEs) are common. Real-world data from a diverse patient population is needed to better understand practice patterns and the impact of immunotherapy in TNBC patients.

Spatial phenotyping of human bronchial airways in obstructive lung disease.

Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD involve interactions between multiple resident and immune cell types within bronchial airways, resulting in structural and functional changes. Thus cellular heterogeneity, arrangements and associated neighborhoods as well as interactions between cells and matrices represent intriguing yet challenging areas of study. Spatial phenotypic profiling facilitates exploration of these issues of the cellular microenvironment and identification of context-dependent cell-cell interactions.

Asthma and inflammation transcriptionally up-regulate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in airway smooth muscle via p38/JNK-AP1 signalling.

Background And Purpose: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that maintains cellular homeostasis. AhR in airway fibroblasts, epithelial and immune cells inhibit inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, its expression and role in airway smooth muscle (ASM), an airway structural cell indispensable in asthma pathophysiology, are obscure.

Antifouling Modification of Gold Surfaces for Acoustic Wave Sensor Applications.

This study aims to develop a robust and reproducible method for fabricating efficient ultrathin antifouling coatings on gold surfaces by leveraging hydroxylation-based surface modifications. An ultrathin antifouling coating of a monoethylene glycol silane derivative, known to reduce fouling by at least 90% on flat hydroxylated surfaces, was successfully replicated on flat gold (reducing fouling by ~75%) by hydroxylating its surface with β-mercaptoethanol. This tandem coating contains the monoethylene glycol silane layer on top of the β-mercaptoethanol on the gold.

Achieving 0.05 Ω-mm contact resistance in non-alloyed Ti/Au ohmics to -GaO by removing surface carbon.

Preserving a contamination-free metal-semiconductor interface in -GaO is critical to achieve consistently low resistance ( 1 Ω-mm) ohmic contacts. Here, we report a scanning transmission electron microscopy study on the variation in Ti/Au ohmic contact quality to (010) -GaO in a conventional lift-off vs a metal-first process. We observe a thin ∼1 nm carbon barrier between the Ti and GaO in a non-conductive contact fabricated by a conventional lift-off process, which we attribute to photoresist residue, not previously detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy due to the thinness and patchy coverage of the carbon layer, as well as roughness of the GaO surface.

Efficiency and Quality of Generative AI-Assisted Radiograph Reporting.

Importance: Diagnostic imaging interpretation involves distilling multimodal clinical information into text form, a task well-suited to augmentation by generative artificial intelligence (AI). However, to our knowledge, impacts of AI-based draft radiological reporting remain unstudied in clinical settings.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association of radiologist use of a workflow-integrated generative model capable of providing draft radiological reports for plain radiographs across a tertiary health care system with documentation efficiency, the clinical accuracy and textual quality of final radiologist reports, and the model's potential for detecting unexpected, clinically significant pneumothorax.

Compounds with dual glutaminase inhibition and Nrf2 activation activities enhance morphine analgesia and reduce pain sensitization in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse model.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects millions of patients, substantially impacting their quality of life. However, there are limited effective treatments available for alleviating CIPN. Therefore, discovering new approaches to manage neuropathic pain is in high clinical demand.

Store-operated Ca entry is involved in endothelium-to-mesenchymal transition in lung vascular endothelial cells.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a biological process that converts endothelial cells to mesenchymal cells with increased proliferative and migrative abilities. EndMT has been implicated in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a fatal and progressive lung vascular disease. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), an inflammatory cytokine, is known to induce EndMT in many types of endothelial cells including lung vascular endothelial cells (LVECs).

DNA methylation predicts infection risk in kidney transplant recipients.

Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the method of choice for treating kidney failure. Identifying biomarkers predictive of transplant (Tx) outcomes is critical to optimize KTx; however, the immunosuppressive therapies required after KTx must also be considered. We applied targeted bisulfite sequencing (TBS-seq) to PBMCs isolated from 90 patients, with samples collected pre- and post-Tx (day 90), to measure DNA methylation changes.

ATR-Infrared Spectroscopy and Acoustic Sensing in Characterization of Blood and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles secreted by most cells into the biofluids. They have an important role in intercellular communication by carrying bioactive components (e.g.

Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) With Days at Home Among Medicare Beneficiaries After a Heart Failure Hospitalization.

Background: Older adults with concomitant heart failure (HF) and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) are at high risk for adverse outcomes, including health care utilization and mortality. Increasingly, adults with these conditions want to maximize quality of life and days at home (DAH). This study aimed to determine the association between ADRD and DAH following HF hospitalization.

Association Between Participation in a Quality Collaborative and Value in Lung Cancer Surgery.

Background: In this study, the association between participation in a statewide thoracic surgery collaborative quality initiative (CQI) and value for resection of lung cancer is evaluated.

Methods: Robust multipayer claims data from the Michigan Value Collaborative, a quality initiative with the goal of improving health care value and quality across Michigan, were leveraged to identify patients undergoing lung cancer resection at Michigan hospitals from 2015 to 2020. We identified patients who did and did not receive their care at a hospital participating in a statewide thoracic surgery CQI.

Suzuki Frame for Complex Base of Thumb Proximal Phalanx Fractures.

Fractures at the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb pose significant challenges including joint stability, precise reduction, and functional recovery. These injuries can lead to chronic pain, limited mobility, and impaired hand function if not effectively treated, underscoring the need for innovative management techniques. Despite the prevalence and complexity of these fractures, the literature offers limited guidance on effective, minimally invasive treatment options.

Hyperoxia-induced senescence in fetal airway smooth muscle cells: role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Premature infants are at higher risk for developing chronic lung diseases, especially following supplemental oxygen (hyperoxia) in early life. We previously demonstrated that moderate hyperoxia (<60% O) induces cellular senescence in fetal airway smooth muscle cells (fASM) and fibroblasts. However, the mechanisms underlying O-induced senescence are still under investigation.

When the Nail Gun Goes Wrong: A Case of Penetrating Globe Injury.

Globe rupture is a rare but sight-threatening ocular emergency that requires prompt recognition and management by emergency medicine providers. We report the case of a 27-year-old male who presented to the emergency department following accidental ocular trauma from a nail gun, resulting in classic physical exam findings consistent with globe rupture. Examination revealed a positive Seidel sign, confirming the presence of an open-globe injury.

Biocultural conservation trail system reduces bryophyte richness but not diversity in the southernmost miniature forest of the world.

The Cape Horn region of southern Chile is one of the remaining bryophyte (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) hotspots in the world. The Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Navarino Island contains impressive examples of the region's bryophyte diversity. A new trail has been proposed and we aimed to predict how a trail expansion might impact bryophyte communities.

Hardships and Perceived Barriers to Medical Care Among Newly Diagnosed People With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose of the researchA major consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic was a disruption of medical care in the United States. Using cross-sectional data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial, we examined severity of COVID-related hardships and other factors that might have influenced newly diagnosed people with HIV's (PWH's) receipt of care during the initial years of the pandemic (2020-22).Major findingsIn a sample of 29 newly diagnosed PWH presenting for care at three geographically diverse medical clinics in the United States, results showed that most patients (72.