Setting the table for immune tolerance.

Interaction between breast milk antibodies and gut microbes shape immune responses during weaning.

Improved survival in advanced melanoma patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation using healthy donor stool in combination with anti-PD1: final results of the MIMic phase 1 trial.

BackgroundMicrobiome manipulation research is focused on developing techniques to modify the gut microbiome and augment responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a potential strategy to overcome primary or acquired resistance to ICI. 20 patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled in a phase I multicenter trial to evaluate the safety and response to anti-PD1 combined with FMT using healthy donor stool as first-line treatment (MIMic, NCT03772899).

Practitioners' Experiences and Recommendations Providing Music Teletherapy for People With Alzheimer's Dementia.

Although practitioners have delivered music therapy via telehealth and researchers have investigated music teletherapy (MTT) using descriptive techniques, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how to implement MTT for people with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). A contextualized understanding of MTT for people with AD from experienced music therapists may help develop guidelines and protocols to increase access to and improve MTT. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand music therapists' lived experiences and recommendations providing MTT for people with AD.

Use of Dalbavancin in Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Case Series from a Canadian Perspective.

Introduction: Treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) with intravenous (IV) antibiotics is difficult in marginalized populations, such as people who inject drugs, due to issues such as unstable housing or mental health conditions. These factors often require extended hospital admissions for IV antibiotics. Dalbavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic effective against gram-positive bacteria, lasts over 14 days and may be suitable for patients who struggle with traditional IV antibiotic administration.

Acute loss of mitral annular dynamics predicts development of functional mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction in a swine model.

Objective: Functional mitral regurgitation is identified in approximately 40% of patients after myocardial infarction, adversely affecting their prognosis. Predicting functional mitral regurgitation development after the onset of myocardial infarction remains challenging, yet early intervention could potentially enhance patient outcomes. In this study, we developed porcine models with consistent lateral wall infarction to investigate the morphological and functional differences between animals with functional mitral regurgitation and those without.

Spillover From an Intervention on Antibiotic Prescribing for Family Physicians: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Antibiotic audit and feedback is effective at reducing antibiotic prescribing in primary care.

Objective: To evaluate the spillover of an audit-and-feedback intervention originally targeted at patients aged 65 years or older on a broader population of all age groups.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a post hoc secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that was conducted among primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada.

Plasma extracellular vesicle cargo microRNAs are associated with heart failure and cardiovascular death following acute coronary syndrome.

Background And Aims: Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are at risk for long-term sequelae related to adverse ventricular remodeling including heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to serve as biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling. This study aims to identify and characterize plasma miRNAs associated with HF and cardiovascular death.

Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and associated microbiome changes of ibezapolstat compared with vancomycin in adults with Clostridioides difficile infection: a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentre study.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection is a common health-care-associated and community-acquired disease with few antibiotic treatment options. We aimed to assess the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and associated microbiome changes of ibezapolstat, an antibiotic that inhibits the PolC-type DNA polymerase III α subunit C, versus vancomycin for the treatment of C difficile infection in adults.

Methods: This was a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled study conducted at 15 centres, primarily outpatient clinics and hospitals, in the USA.

Human milk as a microbial pacemaker.

A Nature Medicine paper by Sawhney et al. presents a strain-resolved analysis of the gut microbiome from infancy through eight years of age, identifying weaning as an evolutionary trigger for microbial adaptation. Their findings refine the timeline of microbiome development and highlight human milk as a pacemaker of microbial succession.

Emergency department eosinophil counts and mortality in Clostridium difficile: a multihospital retrospective cohort study.

Background: Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial infection in the United States, with mortality rates approaching 25% within 2 months of diagnosis. While current guidelines focus on CDI management once systemic symptoms develop, limited research has explored early predictors of disease severity. Eosinophils play a key role in gut immunity, and prior studies suggest absolute eosinopenia may be associated with severe CDI.

Recovery-Oriented Group Songwriting for Mental Health Confidence with Adults on an Acute Mental Health Unit: A Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Study.

Music therapy can address various clinical objectives related to recovery in acute mental health inpatient settings. However, there is a gap in the literature investigating if group-based songwriting can impact mental health confidence/self-efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single-session recovery-oriented group-based songwriting protocol on adults hospitalized in an acute care mental health unit as measured by mental health confidence.

A Cluster-Randomized Comparison of Songwriting and Recreational Music Therapy on State Hope and Abstinence Self-Efficacy in Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder on a Detoxification Unit.

Background: Recovery constitutes the goal for people with alcohol use disorder (AUD). State hope and abstinence self-efficacy represent consequential constructs for people with AUD as they work toward recovery.

Objective: The purpose of this two-group cluster-randomized single-session effectiveness study was to compare the effects of group motivational-educational songwriting (MESW) and group recreational music therapy (RMT) by measuring between- and within-group differences in measures of state hope and abstinence self-efficacy in adults with AUD on a detoxification unit.

Microbial succession at weaning is guided by microbial metabolism of host glycans.

The weaning transition from a milk-based to a solid-food diet supports critical developmental changes to the intestinal microbiome and immune system. However, the specific microbial and host features that influence microbial succession at weaning are not well understood. Here, we developed a simple approach to investigate the complex dynamics of microbial succession during weaning by co-housing gnotobiotic mice colonized with the defined pre-weaning community PedsCom and the adult-derived consortium OMM12.

A lack of commensal microbiota influences the male reproductive tract intergenerationally in mice.

In Brief: Germ-free mice display epididymal transcriptomic changes that were also evident in their conventionalized male offspring and mice lacking T and B cells. This paper demonstrates the role of microbiota and immune cells in the epididymis.

Abstract: The microbiome encompasses the array of microorganisms inhabiting various niches in the body and is necessary for numerous physiological processes, including normal metabolism and a functioning immune system.

Food allergy has no negative impact on children's school performance: A Swedish sibling and co-twin control study.

Background: Food allergy has been shown to negatively impact children's mental health and quality of life. However, its impact on school performance is unknown.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether food allergy, severe and nonsevere, is associated with school performance when accounting for measured and unmeasured familial factors.

Food Allergy and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents-The Role of Shared Familial Environment.

Background: Evidence suggests a link between food allergy and poor mental health, however, this may be explained by shared genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to investigate the association between food allergy of different severity and mental health in children, and the role of familial factors.

Methods: This population-based, longitudinal cohort study is based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden with questionnaire data reported by parents and/or children.

Diagnosing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Positive predictive value of CSF JC virus quantitative PCR and importance of recognizing suggestive neuroimaging findings.

Objective: To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of CSF John Cunningham virus (JCV) quantitative PCR (qPCR) for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and highlight neuroimaging findings reported to be suggestive of this disease.

Methods: We reviewed patients at London Health Sciences Centre with a positive CSF JCV qPCR result. Patients were classified as true-positive if they had a clinico-radiographic presentation compatible with PML and no more likely alternative diagnosis.

Left, Then Right Internal Carotid Artery Dissection: A Case Report.

Introduction: We present a unique case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with stroke-like symptoms found to have a spontaneous, left-sided internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD).

Case Report: The patient was treated successfully with thrombectomy and subsequently developed contralateral symptoms caused by a right-sided ICAD. This was managed with a second contra-lateral thrombectomy.

Maternal and neonatal IgG against Klebsiella pneumoniae are associated with lower risk of neonatal sepsis: A case-control study of hospitalized neonates in Botswana.

Sepsis is the leading postnatal cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Globally Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of sepsis in hospitalized neonates. This study reports the development and evaluation of an ELISA for anti-Klebsiella IgG using dried blood spot (DBS) samples and evaluates the association of anti-Klebsiella IgG (anti-Kleb IgG) antibodies in maternal and neonatal samples with the risk of neonatal sepsis.

The case for microbial intervention at weaning.

Weaning, the transition from a milk-based diet to solid food, coincides with the most significant shift in gut microbiome composition in the lifetime of most mammals. Notably, this period also marks a "window of opportunity" where key components of the immune system develop, and host-microbe interactions shape long-term immune homeostasis thereby influencing the risk of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the changes in nutrition, microbiota, and host physiology that occur during weaning.

Safety and Tolerability of CP101, a Full-Spectrum, Oral Microbiome Therapeutic for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) remain common. While novel microbiome therapeutics gain approval, the efficacy of a full-spectrum, oral microbiome therapeutic is unknown. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of CP101, an orally administered microbiome therapeutic, to restore a diverse microbiome and prevent recurrent CDI in a broad population.

Process evaluation of two large randomized controlled trials to understand factors influencing family physicians' use of antibiotic audit and feedback reports.

Background: Unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in primary care are common and contribute to antimicrobial resistance in the population. Audit and feedback (A&F) on antibiotic prescribing to primary care can improve the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing, but the optimal approach is uncertain. We performed two pragmatic randomized controlled trials of different approaches to audit and feedback.