Premortem diagnosis of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (glucagonoma) in a captive North American river otter (Lontra canadensis).

A captive 10-year-old male North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) was evaluated for a 2-week history of weight loss and intermittent vomiting and regurgitation. Exploratory surgery identified a raised nodule on the quadrate lobe of the liver and an irregular nodule in the left limb of the pancreas. Partial lobectomy of the quadrate and right medial hepatic lobes was performed to excise the masses, and the pancreatic nodule was removed.

CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION OF A GENOGROUP C IN A ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE UNITED STATES.

Ferlaviruses have been associated with significant mortality events in squamates. Over a 5-month period in 2012, a mortality event at the Phoenix Zoo involved seven rattlesnakes (), a Sonoran gopher snake (fi), and a Gila monster (). All individuals had been managed within the same group of enclosures at the zoo, and many of the affected individuals had previously been housed together.

AN INVESTIGATION OF AN AMYLOID-LIKE DEPOSITION DISORDER IN REPTILES.

Amyloidosis is the pathologic extracellular deposition of amyloid, a proteinaceous substance, in various tissues and organs. The most common form of amyloidosis in domestic animals is amyloid A amyloidosis, though amyloid light chain, amyloid β, and islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidosis have been documented. In reptiles, amyloidosis, or amyloid-like disorders, are considered rare.

Clinicopathologic, molecular, and ultrastructural features of infection in 2 California sea lions with fatal necrotizing hepatitis.

is an apicomplexan protozoal parasite that was first recognized during a mass mortality event in juvenile grey seals () in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Since its identification, this parasite has been reported in various pinniped species and has been associated with fatal necrotizing hepatitis. Little is known of the host range of .

Viral and squamous papillomas in captive polar bears ().

Papillomas, many of which are virally induced, are common proliferative cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions in multiple species, exhibiting characteristic histologic cytopathic changes that distinguish them from nonviral squamous papillomas. A single case report of a novel papillomavirus, Ursus maritimus papillomavirus-type 1, in a polar bear has been reported without investigation into any association between this virus and papilloma formation. We identified papillomas in 3 polar bears.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC PRESENTATIONS OF YERSINIOSIS IN VARIOUS NONDOMESTIC SPECIES: AN INVESTIGATION OF OUTBREAKS FROM FOUR NORTH AMERICAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS.

Yersiniosis due to can be associated with high morbidity and mortality in various species and has been a cosmopolitan management challenge in zoological institutions. This gram-negative, environmental bacterium thrives in cold, wet conditions and poses a risk to zoo species. Outbreaks can be costly and impact conservation efforts through loss of threatened and endangered species.

Successful Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgical Removal of a Nonmetastatic Testicular Round Cell Tumor in a Solomon Island Eclectus Parrot ().

An intracoelomic mass was palpated on an annual exam of a 24-year-old male Solomon Island eclectus parrot (). The initial diagnostic workup included a complete blood count, plasma biochemistry panel, and coelomic ultrasound. Computed tomography was highly suggestive of a testicular mass.

GASTRIC POLYPOID HYPERPLASIA IN MORAY EELS (): EIGHT CASES.

Gastric and intestinal mucosal hyperplasia and polyps are identified as a cause of morbidity and mortality in moray eels. This report describes the clinical presentations, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions in eight moray eels diagnosed with gastric polypoid hyperplasia. All described cases were humanely euthanized or found deceased, and multifocal adenomatous hyperplasia and polyps extending from the gastric mucosal epithelium were identified in all cases.

HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN RED WOLVES () AND GRAY WOLVES () IN HUMAN CARE: SIX CASES.

Wolves are commonly housed in zoological institutions and captive breeding facilities that are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and for the recovery of declining populations. Neoplasia is a common cause of mortality in wolves, but hemangiosarcoma has not previously been described. This condition was diagnosed in four red wolves () and two gray wolves () housed at five different institutions between 2008 and 2018.

BILIARY DUCTAL PLATE MALFORMATION WITH SECONDARY PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND MULTIPLE ACQUIRED SHUNTS IN A LITTER OF AMUR TIGERS ().

Congenital abnormalities in tigers () are infrequently reported but have included ectrodactyly, cataracts, and vestibular disease. Primary hepatic disease has been documented in multiple nondomestic felid species but is considered uncommon in tigers. To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous reports of congenital abnormalities of the liver in tigers.

A REVIEW OF NEOPLASIA IN PROSIMIANS IN HUMAN CARE FROM 1995 TO 2022.

This retrospective study of neoplasia in prosimians in human care reports histologically diagnosed cases from the archives of a nondomestic species pathology service between 1995 and 2022, primarily submitted from zoological institutions. To date, the only prior retrospective study of neoplasia in prosimians, published in 2009, was conducted with cases from a single institution specializing in prosimian noninvasive research and care. In the present study, a total of 153 neoplasms from 109 individuals were identified in the pathology service archives.

Review of spontaneous lesions in the exocrine pancreas of domestic ferrets ().

Large-scale retrospective studies allow for identification of disease trends, such as predisposing factors, typical clinical signs, and range of histologic lesions, which cannot be determined in individual case reports. Lesions of the endocrine pancreas of ferrets are extensively reported; however, there are no in-depth investigations of lesions in the exocrine pancreas. This retrospective analysis presents the histologic features, clinical signs, and concurrent diseases of lesions in the exocrine pancreas of ferrets.

Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Rabbit.

A geriatric Holland Lop rabbit presented for acute lameness. A pathologic fracture of the right distal femur associated with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed, and staging radiographs showed no overt metastasis upon initial presentation. The limb was amputated and submitted for microscopic examination.

sp. infection in a California kingsnake (): Spillover of a pathogen of invertebrates to a vertebrate host.

is a genus of nonphotosynthetic, green algae in the family , closely related to . It is a known pathogen of invertebrates, and its occurrence in vertebrates has not been documented. A captive, 10-month-old, male, albino California kingsnake () was submitted for necropsy.

INFECTIONS IN AN EASTERN RATSNAKE () AND A TIMBER RATTLESNAKE ().

This report describes infections in colubrid and viperid snakes. A captive eastern ratsnake () was presented for a large intraoral mass associated with the mandible. The mass was debulked and histologic examination revealed severe, granulomatous stomatitis with intralesional fungi exhibiting morphologic features consistent with .

FATAL ACUTE HEMOLYSIS FOLLOWING TRIAZOLE THERAPY IN AFRICAN PENGUINS ().

Aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in penguins, with triazole antifungal drugs being commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment. This report describes 15 cases of fatal hemolysis associated with liquid itraconazole and voriconazole formulations administered to African penguins () from four institutions. All penguins underwent stressful events (e.

A putatively novel papillomavirus associated with cutaneous plaques and squamous cell carcinoma in captive North American snow leopards ().

Cutaneous plaques and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are common in captive North American snow leopards (SLs) (). Our objective was to determine whether these lesions are potentially associated with papillomavirus(es). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on 3 cutaneous plaques using degenerate primers for papillomaviruses.

Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) post-mortem findings from December 2018 through 2021 during the Unusual Mortality Event in the Eastern North Pacific.

Beginning in December 2018, increased numbers of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) strandings were reported along the west coast of Mexico, the United States, and Canada, prompting declaration of a gray whale Unusual Mortality Event (UME) by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. Although strandings declined in 2020 and 2021 from a peak in 2019, the UME is still ongoing as of fall 2023. Between 17 December 2018 and 31 December 2021, 503 animals stranded along the west coast of North America, with 226 strandings in Mexico, 71 in California, 12 in Oregon, 56 in Washington, 21 in British Columbia, and 117 in Alaska.

USE OF HYSTEROSCOPIC MORCELLATION WITH A MYOSURE DEVICE FOR REMOVAL OF UTERINE FOREIGN MATERIAL IN AN ORANGUTAN ( SP.).

A 36-yr-old female intact hybrid orangutan ( sp.) presented with evidence of chronic bacterial cystitis with no response to treatment with multiple systemic antibiotics. Abnormalities were identified within the reproductive tract on CT scan, and hysteroscopy was pursued based on the recommendation of an obstetrician-gynecologist.

PRIMARY HEPATIC NEOPLASIA IN THREE ADULT BAMBOO SHARKS ( AND ) IN AN AQUARIUM POPULATION.

Neoplasia in elasmobranchs is uncommonly documented. This report describes primary hepatic neoplasia in three adult female bamboo sharks under managed care: biliary adenocarcinoma in a whitespotted bamboo shark (Case 1; ), biliary adenocarcinoma in a brownbanded bamboo shark (Case 2; ), and hepatocellular carcinoma in a whitespotted bamboo shark (Case 3). Case 1 presented with extensive cutaneous papillomas and was electively euthanized.

Bacterial abscesses in whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) in managed care.

Sixteen whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) with histologically similar bacterial abscesses were submitted to Northwest ZooPath from nine zoo and aquarium institutions over a 17-year period. These abscesses were characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and necrosis with intralesional small, Gram-positive, acid-fast negative, cocci bacteria. The clinical presentation, histologic findings, and culture results indicate that Enterococcus faecalis is a relatively common cause of these lesions in whitespotted bamboo sharks.

Aneurysm Associated with Vascular Wall Degeneration in Bearded Dragons ().

This study describes the clinical, gross, and histologic findings in 17 cases of aneurysms in bearded dragons (). The clinical presentation ranged from incidental to sudden and unexpected death. The affected vasculature was predominantly arterial; however, based on the topographical locations of the lesions, gross structure, and drainage, some veins were likely involved.