Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems.

Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals' positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations.

Early outcomes of the synthes femoral neck system for valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures: a multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: Nondisplaced and valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures have traditionally been treated with screw fixation, but reoperation rates remain high. This study reports clinical outcomes following internal fixation of low-energy femoral neck fractures (AO/OTA 31B1.1 and 31B1.

Make Acetylcholine Great Again! Australian Skinks Evolved Multiple Neurotoxin-Proof Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Defiance of Snake Venom.

Many vertebrates have evolved resistance to snake venom as a result of coevolutionary chemical arms races. In Australian skinks (family Scincidae), who often encounter venomous elapid snakes, the frequency, diversity, and molecular basis of venom resistance have been unexplored. This study investigated the evolution of neurotoxin resistance in Australian skinks, focusing on mutations in the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α1 subunit's orthosteric site that prevent pathophysiological binding by α-neurotoxins.

Implementation of a 3-Tier Priority System for Emergency Department Patients' Follow-up in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Introduction: Increasing demand for emergency department (ED) services and strained specialty-care access requires referral precision and was the impetus for a collaborative redesign of referrals between the Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Methods: Guided by root cause analysis of delays in post-emergency department (ED) specialty follow-up in our academic health system, the intervention targeted the finding that all ED referrals were marked "urgent" without differentiation by acuity of orthopedic issues. After implementation, referrals were triaged into three tiers-immediate, urgent, and routine-with stipulated follow-up timeframes.

Drivers of Delayed Time to Surgery for Hip Fracture Patients: A Multi-Center Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Delays in time to surgery (TTS) for patients with a hip fracture negatively affect patient outcomes, including mortality. Surgery within 24 to 48 hours of admission for a hip fracture markedly reduces these risks; however, attempts at improving TTS after hip fracture have had mixed results. Drivers of delays in TTS across different settings in the United States are not well described.

Incidence and outcomes of radial nerve palsy in distal third diaphyseal humerus fractures after surgical fixation.

Background: Radial nerve palsy (RNP) is a common complication of diaphyseal humerus fractures, with primary RNP rates varying by fracture location. However, the relationship between fracture location and the risk of secondary RNP following surgical fixation remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of postoperative RNP based on fracture location within the middle and distal thirds of the humeral diaphysis and to describe the outcomes of RNP over time.

Lizards, Lineage and Latitude: Behavioural Responses to Microclimate Vary Latitudinally and Show Limited Acclimatisation to a Common Environment After Two Years.

Climate change has negatively impacted species worldwide. Ectotherms, including reptiles, are at particular risk of local extirpation. Numerous reptile species vary in their climate response across latitude and altitude; therefore, understanding how climate change impacts populations is vital.

Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial.

Background: While electronic cigarettes (ECIG) may have lower toxicant delivery than cigarettes, ECIG-liquids and aerosols still contain toxicants that can potentially disrupt lung lipid homeostasis.

Methods: Participants from two studies underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Ninety-eight participants (21-44 years old) were included in a cross-sectional study, with 17 ECIG users, 52 non-smokers, and 29 smokers.

Optical properties of artificial intraocular lenses and considerations for additive manufacturing.

Cataracts, a leading cause of blindness in the world, are commonly treated by replacing the ocular lens with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The material and structure of the IOL are major factors in their efficacy, affecting, among other characteristics, the optics of the eye. In the recent research record, two optical properties have emerged as standardized characterization methods for IOL optics: (1) optical transmittance and (2) optical scattering.

Human skeletal development and regeneration are shaped by functional diversity of stem cells across skeletal sites.

The skeleton is one of the most structurally and compositionally diverse organ systems in the human body, depending on unique cellular dynamisms. Here, we integrate prospective isolation of human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs; CD45CD235aTIE2CD31CD146PDPNCD73CD164) from ten skeletal sites with functional assays and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to identify chondrogenic, osteogenic, stromal, and fibrogenic subtypes of hSSCs during development and their linkage to skeletal phenotypes. We map the distinct composition of hSSC subtypes across multiple skeletal sites and demonstrate their unique in vivo clonal dynamics.

Squamate reptiles may have compensated for the lack of γδTCR with a duplication of the TRB locus.

Squamate reptiles are amongst the most successful terrestrial vertebrate lineages, with over 10,000 species across a broad range of ecosystems. Despite their success, squamates are also amongst the least studied lineages immunologically. Recently, a universal lack of γδ T cells in squamates due to deletions of the genes encoding the T cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ chains was discovered.

Osseointegration and fixation opportunities of sacroiliac instrumentation: a preclinical evaluation in a large animal model.

Background: Implant fixation is often the cornerstone of musculoskeletal surgical procedures performed to provide bony fixation and/or fusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different design features and manufacturing methods influence implant osseointegration and mechanical properties associated with fixation in a standardized model in cancellous bone of adult sheep.

Methods: We evaluated the performance of three titanium alloy implants: (A) iFuse-TORQ implant; (B) Fenestrated Sacroiliac Device; and (C) Standard Cancellous Bone Screw in the cancellous bone of the distal femur and proximal tibia in 8 sheep.

Mobile device-based 3D scanning is superior to scoliometer in assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) currently relies on clinical evaluations by trained practitioners, most commonly using a scoliometer. Modern structured light 3D scanning can generate high-quality 3D representations of surface anatomy using a mobile device. We hypothesized that a mobile-based 3D scanning system would provide accurate deformity assessments compared to a scoliometer.

Does Discussing Patient-reported Outcome Measures Increase Pain Self-efficacy at an Orthopaedic Visit? A Prospective, Sequential, Comparative Series.

Background: Pain self-efficacy, or the ability to carry out desired activities in the presence of pain, can affect a patient's ability to function before and after orthopaedic surgery. Previous studies suggest that shared decision-making practices such as discussing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can activate patients and improve their pain self-efficacy. However, the ability of PROMs to influence pain self-efficacy in patients who have undergone orthopaedic surgery has yet to be investigated.

Preoperative and Postoperative Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Orthopaedic Surgery Increases the Risk of Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Patients requiring postoperative therapeutic anticoagulation may have increased risk of bleeding complications, infection, and poor wound healing. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing bleeding complication rates among orthopaedic surgery patients receiving perioperative therapeutic anticoagulation.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis 2020 guidelines.

Serpentoviruses in Free-Ranging Shingleback Skinks (Tiliqua rugosa) in Western Australia and South Australia, Australia.

Serpentoviruses are strongly associated with upper respiratory tract disease in captive and free-ranging bluetongued skinks (Tiliqua spp.). In Australia, bluetongue serpentoviruses were first reported in shingleback skinks (Tiliqua rugosa) with upper respiratory tract disease that presented to wildlife rehabilitation facilities in Perth, Western Australia.

Health Numeracy Is Associated With a Patient's Ability to Interpret Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Data.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were originally developed as research tools; however, there is increasing interest in using PROMs to inform clinical care. Prior work has shown the benefits of implementing PROMs at the point of care, but a patient's health numeracy (their ability to understand and work with numbers) may affect their ability to interpret PROM results.

Materials And Methods: We recruited patients presenting to an outpatient orthopedic clinic.

Integrated Dual Lag Screws Have Higher Reoperation Rates for Fixation Failure Than Single Lag Component Cephalomedullary Nails: A Retrospective Study of 2,130 Patients with Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures.

Background: Previous studies comparing reoperation risk between integrated dual lag screw (IDL) and single lag component (SL) cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures have demonstrated mixed results. The purpose of this study was to assess the rates of reoperation for fixation failure and all-cause reoperation in a large, multi-institutional cohort of patients with an intertrochanteric fracture treated with an IDL or SL CMN. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between the groups with respect to either of the reoperation rates.

Remote Summer Research Program to Improve Opportunity and Mentorship for Underrepresented Students With Interest in Orthopaedic Surgery: 3-Year Experiences.

Introduction: Medical students are challenged with a limited number of research opportunities to help prepare for an exceptionally competitive process for matching in an orthopaedic residency. The aim of this study was to assess the 3-year experience of our 8 to 10-week remote summer research program in support of underrepresented students with an interest in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods: We received over 500 applications, and a total of 37 students (7.

Treatment Failure After Repair of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Compared by "Decade of Life": An Analysis of 565 Cases in Adults Less Than 60 years of Age.

Objectives: To study the results of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in adults less than 60 years of age by comparing patients, injury, treatment, and the characteristics of treatment failure specifically according to patients' age at injury, that is, by their "decade of life" [ie, "under 30" (29 years and younger), "the 30s" (30-39 years), "the 40s" (40-49 years), and "the 50s" (50-59 years)].

Design: Multicenter retrospective comparative cohort series.

Setting: Twenty-six North American Level 1 Trauma Centers.

Femoral Neck Fractures With Associated Ipsilateral Femoral Shaft Fractures in Young Adults <50 Years Old: A Multicenter Comparison of 80 Cases Versus Isolated Femoral Neck Fractures.

Objectives: To analyze patients, injury patterns, and treatment of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in young patients with FNFs associated with shaft fractures (assocFNFs) to improve clinical outcomes. The secondary goal was to compare this injury pattern to that of young patients with isolated FNFs (isolFNFs).

Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort series.

Optimal Fixation Strategies for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients 18-59 Years of Age: An Analysis of 565 Cases Treated at 26 Level 1 Trauma Centers.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the difference in failure rates of surgical repair for displaced femoral neck fractures in patients younger than 60 years of age according to fixation strategy.

Design: This is a retrospective, comparative cohort study.

Setting: Twenty-six Level 1 North American trauma centers.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Cyst Nematode Inbred Populations Non-adapted or Adapted on Soybean /-Mediated Resistance.

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, ) is most effectively managed through planting resistant soybean cultivars, but the repeated use of the same resistance sources has led to a widespread emergence of virulent SCN populations that can overcome soybean resistance. Resistance to SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) in soybean cultivar Forrest is mediated by an epistatic interaction between the soybean resistance genes and . We previously developed two SCN inbred populations by mass-selecting SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) on susceptible and resistant recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between Forrest and the SCN-susceptible cultivar Essex, which differ for .