Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal identity and reward contingency signals during rule-reversal.

While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigate whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engage head-fixed male mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues.

Decision regret and long-term success rates after ventral buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty.

Objectives: To characterise the long-term success rate of ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (vBMG) in the management of bulbar urethral stricture disease (USD), assess patient-reported postoperative satisfaction and decision regret, and delineate clinical factors impacting patient-reported metrics.

Subjects And Methods: Patients with prior vBMG for bulbar USD, performed at Cleveland Clinic between 2003 and 2022, were contacted and brief structured interviews were performed. Stricture recurrence and need for secondary procedures, baseline demographics, and patient-reported outcome surveys were collected.

Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal.

While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigated whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engaged head-fixed mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues.

Identifying the Gate-Opening Mechanism in the Flexible Metal-Organic Framework UTSA-300.

Atomic-level understanding of the gate-opening phenomenon in flexible porous materials is an important step toward learning how to control, design, and engineer them for applications such as the separation of gases from complex mixtures. Here, we report such mechanistic insight through an in-depth study of the pressure-induced gate-opening phenomenon in our earlier reported metal-organic framework (MOF) Zn(dps)(SiF) (dps = 4,4'-dipyridylsulfide), also called UTSA-300, using isotherm and calorimetry measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and simulations. UTSA-300 is shown to selectively adsorb acetylene (CH) over ethylene (CH) and ethane (CH) and undergoes an abrupt gate-opening phenomenon, making this framework a highly selective gas separator of this complex mixture.

Donor-Derived Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Kidney Allograft: A Case Report.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the kidney allograft is a relatively rare complication most commonly seen approximately a decade or more after transplant. We report a case of diffuse multifocal RCC within 6 months of transplant. The initial signal leading to an abnormality in the graft was an elevated routine cell-free DNA.

Fluid Intake and Urinary Symptoms in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: The relationship between fluid intake and lower urinary tract symptoms in individuals with neurogenic bladder is unknown. We investigated the association between fluid intake and urinary symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of patients with multiple sclerosis presenting to the neurology office was conducted.

Trends of Mesh Utilization for Stress Urinary Incontinence Before and After the 2011 Food and Drug Administration Notification Between FPMRS-Certified and Non-FPMRS-Certified Physicians: A Statewide All-Payer Database Analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the utilization of mesh slings for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) across time - before and after the 2011 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) public health notification regarding an increase in adverse events related to transvaginal mesh (TVM) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair - and among FPMRS-certified urologists and gynecologists and non-FPMRS counterparts using a statewide database.

Methods: The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System all-payer database was utilized to extract outpatient Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes for SUI mesh sling utilization and revision or removal performed between 2007 and 2015.

Results: After the 2011 FDA warning on POP with TVM, sling placement decreased by 43% from 5214 cases in 2011 to 2958 in 2015.

Impact of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging on biopsy and radical prostatectomy grade concordance.

Background: Adoption of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before biopsy is based on evidence demonstrating superior detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on biopsy. Whether this is due to the detection of otherwise occult higher grade cancers or preferential sampling of higher grade areas within an otherwise low-grade cancer is unknown.

Methods: To distinguish these two possibilities, this study examined the effect of prebiopsy MRI on the rate of pathologic upgrading and downgrading at prostatectomy in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data from 2010 to 2015.

Multicenter analysis of clinical and MRI characteristics associated with detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS (v2.0) category 3 lesions.

Objectives: We sought to identify clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in men with the Prostate Imaging - Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 3 index lesions that predict clinically significant prostate cancer (CaP) on MRI targeted biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Multicenter study of prospectively collected data for biopsy-naive men (n = 247) who underwent MRI-targeted and systematic biopsies for PI-RADS 3 index lesions. The primary endpoint was diagnosis of clinically significant CaP (Grade Group ≥2).

Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Following Partial Gland Cryoablation.

Objective: To assess the qualitative and quantitative changes on prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) following partial gland ablation (PGA) with cryotherapy and correlate with histopathology.

Methods: We used 3D Slicer to generate prostate models and segment ipsilateral (treated) and contralateral peripheral and transition zones in 10 men who underwent MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion-guided PGA during 2017-2018. Pre- and post-PGA volumes of prostate segments were compared.

Persistent Discordance in Grade, Stage, and NCCN Risk Stratification in Men Undergoing Targeted Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective: To elucidate the accuracy of MRI and MRI-ultrasound fusion guided targeted biopsy (TBx) on risk stratification in men who underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed in men at risk for prostate cancer who (n = 140) underwent TBx and RP between November 2012 and August 2018. Comparisons were made between patients clinically staged by preoperative MRI and TBx Gleason grade group (GGG) and stage after RP.

Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Biopsy Outcomes in Asian American Men: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Asian American men have distinctly different prostate cancer epidemiology than other men. To our knowledge the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy for elevated prostate specific antigen in this population has not been assessed. We sought to define imaging and targeted biopsy outcomes in Asian American men compared to other men.

Concordance Between Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Pathology in the Era of Targeted Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted transrectal prostate biopsy (TBx) may better predict pathology at radical prostatectomy than systematic transrectal prostate biopsy (SBx).

Objective: To assess concordance between biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology in men undergoing a TBx as compared with those undergoing an SBx.

Evidence Acquisition: Four electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library [Wiley], and EBSCHOHost) were searched from inception until July 2018.

Assessing Treatment-Related Toxicity Using Administrative Data, Patient-Reported Outcomes, or Physician-Graded Toxicity: Where Is the Truth?

The accurate determination of the frequency and severity of treatment-related complications is vital to informing patients and clinicians in their decision-making process. In published studies, complications are assed via administrative data, patient-reported outcomes, and physician-graded toxicity, each with their strengths and limitations. Administrative data provide a vast, accessible history of patient data, but are limited in the ability to accurately capture diagnosis and causality, and are subject to differing interpretations of billing codes.

Data on the quality and methods of studies reporting healthcare costs of post-prostate biopsy sepsis.

This data article presents the supplementary material for the review paper "Healthcare Costs of Post-Prostate Biopsy Sepsis" (Gross et al., 2019). A general overview is provided of 18 papers, including the details about year and journal of publication, country of dataset, data population characteristics, cost basis, and potential for bias evaluation.

Race and prostate imaging: implications for targeted biopsy and image-based prostate cancer interventions.

Purpose: For men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), there is a strong evidence for prostate MRI to assess the risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) and guide targeted-biopsy interventions. Prostate MRI is assessed using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), which is scored from 1 to 5. Equivocal or suspicious findings (PI-RADS 3-5) are recommended for subsequent targeted biopsy, for which the risk of infection and sepsis is increasing.

Healthcare Costs of Post-Prostate Biopsy Sepsis.

Sepsis following transrectal prostate biopsy occurs in 2%-5% of cases and the risk is increasing. We performed a comprehensive literature search for the cost of post-prostate biopsy sepsis to define the potential cost savings of reducing infectious complications. Reporting of cost is varied and presents a challenge to interpretation.

SPARED Collaboration: Patient Selection for Partial Gland Ablation in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: The SPARED CRN (Study of Prostate Ablation Related Energy Devices Coordinated Registry Network) is a private-public partnership between academic and community urologists, the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), the Medical Device Epidemiology Network and device manufacturers to examine the safety and effectiveness of technologies for partial gland ablation in men with localized prostate cancer.

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels.

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) scaffolds with tunable specific surface areas up to 80 m·g. An aqueous solution of a zirconium salt, yttrium salt, and glucose is mixed with propylene oxide (PO) to form a gel. The gel is dried under ambient conditions to form a xerogel.