Evaluation of commercially available class A water-based foam concentrates for swine depopulation.

Currently, the swine industry is lacking an efficient method for large-scale emergency depopulation. Class A water-based foam (WBF) has been demonstrated as a viable option for large-scale depopulation of pigs in all stages of development. However, these studies exclusively used the PHOS-CHEK WD881 (WD881) Class A foam concentrate based on previously demonstrated efficacy for depopulation.

Medium-expansion water-based foam depopulation of sheep and goats.

Water-based foam (WBF) is an effective depopulation method for poultry, pigs, and cattle. We evaluated WBF as an effective means for the depopulation of sheep and goats. First, anesthetized sheep and goats (N = 6 per species) were terminated to prove lethality.

Assessment of three large-scale depopulation methods for swine.

The threat of foreign animal disease outbreaks to U.S. swine herds warrants effective and readily available depopulation methods.

Greater numbers and sizes of muscle bundles in the breast and leg muscles of broilers compared to layer chickens.

Meat-type (broiler) and egg-type (layer) chickens were bred by intensive selection over the years, resulting in more numbers and larger sizes of myofibers. Although the characteristics are important parameters in muscle growth and meat quality, muscle bundle characteristics have not been studied in poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the histological characteristics of myofibers and muscle bundles in muscles between male broiler (Ross broiler breed) chickens and layer (Hy-Line) chickens.

A Non-purine Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor Reduces Albuminuria in Patients with DKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by albuminuria and reduced renal function. Whether xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors (XORIs) have a renoprotective effect in DKD patients with type 2 diabetes remains controversial. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to investigate the renal effects of a novel XORI, TMX-049, in patients with DKD and type 2 diabetes.

Technical Note: Validation of the effectiveness of electric stunning for euthanasia of mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus).

Electrocution and the use of a penetrating captive bolt gun (PCBG) are both acceptable methods of euthanasia for market weight swine. Research has demonstrated that a PCBG is effective in both growing and mature swine. Given limited to no published research base on electrocution in mature swine, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of a two-stage (head only followed by head to heart, 10 s contact for each) mobile electric stunner (E-STUN, Hubert HAAS TBG 96N) and to assess euthanasia outcomes when comparing E-STUN with the frontal placement of a heavy-duty PCBG (Jarvis, In-line Cylinder Style) when applied to heavy-weight (>200 kg) mature boars and sows.

Validating the effectiveness of alternative euthanasia techniques using penetrating captive bolt guns in mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus).

Euthanasia of mature swine is challenging. Temporal and behind-the-ear locations are two sites that have been identified as alternatives to the more commonly used frontal placement. In stage one, the effectiveness of two penetrating captive bolt gun styles (cylinder or pistol) was evaluated using frontal, temporal, and behind-the-ear placement in anesthetized mature swine (n = 36; weight: 267 ± 41 kg).

Effects of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Praliciguat in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Impaired nitric oxide signaling through soluble guanylate cyclase has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. Praliciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator that amplifies nitric oxide signaling, inhibited kidney inflammation and fibrosis in animal models.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: In a phase 2 trial, 156 adults with type 2 diabetes, eGFR 30-75 ml/min per 1.

Lipid-Modifying Efficacy and Tolerability of Anacetrapib Added to Ongoing Statin Therapy in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia or Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

To assess the effects of anacetrapib added to statin ± other lipid-modifying therapies in patients with hypercholesterolemia and not at their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal (as per National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] guidelines) and in those with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Patients on a stable dose of moderate/high-intensity statin ± other lipid-modifying therapies with LDL-C ≥70, ≥100, ≥130, or ≥160 mg/dl for very high, high, moderate, and low coronary heart disease risk, respectively, or at LDL-C goal with HDL-C ≤40 mg/dl, were randomized 1:1:1, stratified by background therapy use, to anacetrapib 100 mg (n = 153), anacetrapib 25 mg (n = 152), or placebo (n = 154) for 24 weeks, followed by a 12-week off-drug reversal phase. The primary end points were percent change from baseline in LDL-C (beta-quantification method) and HDL-C, as well as the safety profile of anacetrapib.

Renal effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with diabetes who have progressive renal disease (PLANET I): a randomised clinical trial.

Background: The role of lipid-lowering treatments in renoprotection for patients with diabetes is debated. We studied the renal effects of two statins in patients with diabetes who had proteinuria.

Methods: PLANET I was a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial done in 147 research centres in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Romania, and the USA.

Renal safety of intensive cholesterol-lowering treatment with rosuvastatin: a retrospective analysis of renal adverse events among 40,600 participants in the rosuvastatin clinical development program.

Objective: Intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins reduces cardiovascular risk but can cause liver-, muscle-, and possibly renal-related adverse events (AEs). We assessed the effects of rosuvastatin on the risk of developing renal impairment or renal failure among participants in the rosuvastatin clinical development program.

Methods: The analysis was based on AE data reported by investigators from 36 studies that included 40,600 participants who did not have advanced, pre-existing renal disease.

Longitudinal assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy adults: a post hoc analysis from the JUPITER study (justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin).

Background: Serum creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are frequently used to identify patients with chronic kidney disease and assess cardiovascular risk both in clinical trials and in clinical practice. Although change in eGFR may be useful to assess change in renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease, the utility of serum creatinine-based eGFR is uncertain, particularly among individuals with normal or only mildly impaired renal function.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline serum creatinine and eGFR, as well as changes in these parameters, in apparently healthy adults in a post hoc analysis of data obtained in participants in the JUPITER study (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin).

Interrelations between the microbiotas in the litter and in the intestines of commercial broiler chickens.

The intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens and the microbiota in the litter have been well studied, but the interactions between these two microbiotas remain to be determined. Therefore, we examined their reciprocal effects by analyzing the intestinal microbiotas of broilers reared on fresh pine shavings versus reused litter, as well as the litter microbiota over a 6-week cycle. Composite ileal mucosal and cecal luminal samples from birds (n = 10) reared with both litter conditions (fresh versus reused) were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days of age.

Rosuvastatin alone or with extended-release niacin: a new therapeutic option for patients with combined hyperlipidemia.

Combination therapy with a statin and niacin may provide optimal therapy for patients with combined hyperlipidemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin monotherapy, extended-release (ER) niacin monotherapy, or rosuvastatin and ER niacin combined therapy in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. In a 24-week, open-label, multicenter trial, men and women aged > or =18 years with fasting levels of total cholesterol > or =200 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol > or =45 mg/dL, triglycerides 200-800 mg/dL, and apolipoprotein B > or =110 mg/dL were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: rosuvastatin 10-40 mg, ER niacin 0.

Rosuvastatin-induced arrest in progression of renal disease.

Preclinical and limited clinical data suggest that statins decrease the progressive decline in renal function that occurs in patients with renal disease. Pooled analysis of data obtained from a population of hyperlipidemic patients enrolled in the rosuvastatin (Crestor) clinical development program permitted assessment of its effects on renal function both early and later in the course of treatment. Study participants were initially included in controlled clinical trials that evaluated the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin when compared with placebo or other lipid-lowering agents (i.

Beneficial effects of rosuvastatin alone and in combination with extended-release niacin in patients with a combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Patients with combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels may benefit from combination therapy with a statin and niacin; therefore, we assessed the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and extended-release (ER) niacin alone and in combination in 270 patients with this atherogenic dyslipidemia. Men and women > or =18 years with fasting total cholesterol levels > or =200 mg/dl, triglycerides 200 to 800 mg/dl, apolipoprotein B > or cf=110 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol <45 mg/dl were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments in this 24-week, open-label, multicenter trial: rosuvastatin 10 to 40 mg; ER niacin 0.5 to 2 g; rosuvastatin 40 mg/ER niacin 0.