2024 Update of the North American Consensus Guidelines for Pediatric Administered Radiopharmaceutical Activities.

The 2024 update of the North American consensus guidelines for pediatric administered radiopharmaceutical activities (NAGL) is presented. Under the auspices of the Image Gently Alliance, a working group of 19 pediatric nuclear medicine experts, including clinicians, technologists, and physicists, worked for 2 y to update the 2016 NAGL, its most recent version. Building on previous success, the current recommendations regarding pediatric diagnostic nuclear medicine were reviewed systematically regarding their continued pertinence, the need for modification, and whether any recent protocols should be added.

Differential effect of anesthetics on mucociliary clearance in vivo in mice.

Respiratory mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key defense mechanism that functions to entrap and transport inhaled pollutants, particulates, and pathogens away from the lungs. Previous work has identified a number of anesthetics to have cilia depressive effects in vitro. Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice received intra-tracheal installation of Tc-Sulfur colloid, and were imaged using a dual-modality SPECT/CT system at 0 and 6 h to measure baseline MCC (n = 8).

SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline on Pediatric F-FDG PET/CT for Oncology 1.0.

PREAMBLEThe Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology, and practical application of nuclear medicine. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional nonprofit medical association founded in 1985 to facilitate communication worldwide among individuals pursuing clinical and academic excellence in nuclear medicine. SNMMI and EANM members are physicians, technologists, and scientists specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine.

Pediatric applications of Dotatate: early diagnostic and therapeutic experience.

In recent years, new somatostatin receptor agents (SSTRs) have become available for diagnostic imaging and therapy in neuroendocrine tumors. The novel SSTR ligand DOTA-DPhel-Tyr3-octreotate (Dotatate) in particular can be linked with Gallium for diagnostic imaging purposes, and with the β-emitter Lutetium for radiotherapy in the setting of neuroendocrine tumors. Dotatate imaging offers distinct advantages in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors compared to standard techniques, including greater target-to-background ratio and lesion conspicuity, high sensitivity/specificity, improved spatial resolution with positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MR, and decreased radiation exposure.

Multiprobe Nuclear Imaging of the Cystic Fibrosis Lung as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Effect.

Nuclear imaging biomarkers illustrate unique aspects of lung physiology and are useful for assessing therapeutic effects in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We have developed a multiprobe method to simultaneously measure mucociliary clearance (MCC) and paracellular absorption (ABS). MCC is a direct measure of mucus clearance.

Deposition studies of aerosol delivery by nasal cannula to infants.

Aim: Nasal cannulas are used to provide oxygen support for infants and have been considered as a means for delivering aerosols to the lungs. To measure mucociliary clearance in the lungs of infants with congenital heart defects, we delivered radiopharmaceutical aerosols via a nasal cannula. Here we report on the pulmonary and nasal deposition of these aerosols.

Use of intraoperative nuclear imaging leads to decreased anesthesia time and real-time confirmation of lesion removal.

Background: Lymphatic mapping to guide sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) typically requires lymphoscintigraphy prior to surgery. In young pediatric patients, this process often requires intubation in the nuclear medicine suite followed by transport to the operating room (OR).

Methods: We reviewed 14 pediatric cases in which a portable nuclear imaging camera was utilized to perform the entirety of the SLNB in the OR.

Pediatric Brown Adipose Tissue on F-FDG PET: Diazepam Intervention.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely reported to affect the efficacy of F-FDG PET in oncology. Several small studies have found that warming the patient both before F-FDG injection and during the uptake phase can reduce the frequency of BAT uptake. Pharmaceutical approaches such as propranolol and diazepam have also been used.

Pseudomonas infection and mucociliary and absorptive clearance in the cystic fibrosis lung.

Airway surface liquid hyperabsorption and mucus accumulation are key elements of cystic fibrosis lung disease that can be assessed in vivo using functional imaging methods. In this study we evaluated experimental factors affecting measurements of mucociliary clearance (MCC) and small-molecule absorption (ABS) and patient factors associated with abnormal absorption and mucus clearance.Our imaging technique utilises two radiopharmaceutical probes delivered by inhalation.

Quantitative imaging of airway liquid absorption in cystic fibrosis.

New measures are needed to rapidly assess emerging treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Using an imaging approach, we evaluated the absorptive clearance of the radiolabeled small molecule probe diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) as an in vivo indicator of changes in airway liquid absorption. DTPA absorption and mucociliary clearance rates were measured in 21 patients with CF (12 adults and nine children) and nine adult controls using nuclear imaging.