Reimbursement for outside second opinion imaging interpretation: Experience at a quaternary care academic pediatric health system.

There are increasing requests and benefits of providing formal written reports for second opinions of outside imaging in part due to medical legal concerns supporting appropriate documentation and concerns that misunderstandings from verbal curbside consults on the part of the requesting physician may lead to suboptimal patient care and potential liability for the radiologist and hospital. Verbal communication of findings on outside imaging is thus often considered insufficient with recommendations from undocumented consultations less likely to be acted upon. The increased work associated with performance of second-opinion interpretations may be substantial, raising concern that if curbside consults are not properly compensated, some second opinion interpretations may be performed more expeditiously than primary interpretations due to their more direct impact upon the daily work load, income, and relative value units.

Association of Time Since Diagnosis of Pediatric Ileocolic Intussusception With Success of Attempted Reduction: Analysis in 1065 Patients.

Radiologists generally treat pediatric ileocolic intussusceptions emergently given the potential for worse outcomes resulting from delayed reduction attempts. However, the relevant literature is conflicting. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with successful image-guided ileocolic intussusception reduction in children, with attention given to the time since diagnosis.

Ultrasound imaging of bowel obstruction in infants and children.

We review the etiologies of bowel obstruction in infants and children that can be identified on ultrasound (US) including perforated appendicitis, intussusception, foreign body ingestion, colonic volvulus, intra-abdominal mass lesions, internal hernia, and stricturing inflammatory bowel disease. US can potentially identify the cause of bowel obstruction in these age groups, without the need for additional cross-sectional imaging, and can aid in patient management including interventional and surgical planning. Hence, it is important to be familiar with the sonographic imaging findings of bowel obstruction in infants and children.

Ultrasound imaging of bowel obstruction in neonates.

Bowel obstruction (BO) in children has a wide differential diagnosis, ranging from non-urgent conditions to surgical emergencies. Abdominal radiographs are most often used as the first imaging modality for the evaluation of obstruction. However, for some indications, ultrasound can be the primary imaging modality.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence for pediatric pulmonary nodule detection on chest computed tomography: comparison of simulated lower radiation doses.

Unlabelled: The combination of low dose CT and AI performance in the pediatric population has not been explored. Understanding this relationship is relevant for pediatric patients given the potential radiation risks. Here, the objective was to determine the diagnostic performance of commercially available Computer Aided Detection (CAD) for pulmonary nodules in pediatric patients at simulated lower radiation doses.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence for pediatric pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography of the chest.

Purpose: To test the performance of a commercially available adult pulmonary nodule detection artificial intelligence (AI) tool in pediatric CT chests.

Methods: 30 consecutive chest CTs with or without contrast of patients ages 12-18 were included. Images were retrospectively reconstructed at 3 mm and 1 mm slice thickness.

Joint EANM/SIOPE/RAPNO practice guidelines/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of paediatric gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [F]FDG: version 1.0.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used in paediatric oncology. 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging. For oncological brain imaging, different amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced in the last years.

Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: surveys of the Society for Pediatric Radiology and the Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children's Hospitals.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some pediatric radiologists have shifted to working from home; the long-term ramifications for pediatric radiologists and departments have not yet been defined.

Objective: To characterize experiences of working from home associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and guide expectations after the pandemic is controlled, via separate surveys of Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children's Hospitals (SCORCH) members.

Materials And Methods: Two separate surveys were conducted.

Ileocolic intussusception in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients: experience at a tertiary pediatric center.

Purpose: COVID-19 disease can manifest with intussusception in pediatric patients, but prevalence of abnormalities on ultrasounds performed for intussusception is uncertain. We aim to report our experience in children with COVID-19 presenting with suspected intussusception imaged with ultrasound.

Methods: Children under 18 years who had an ultrasound for possible intussusception underwent retrospective analysis and were tested for COVID-19 between April 1 and December 14, 2020.

Acute appendicitis and SARS-CoV-2 in children: imaging findings at a tertiary children's hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Evidence suggests severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be associated with appendicitis or clinical symptoms that mimic appendicitis, but it is not clear if the findings or utility of imaging in pediatric patients with suspected appendicitis have changed since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate for potential differences in SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative pediatric patients imaged for suspected appendicitis to determine the reliability of the existing medical imaging approach for appendicitis in a population that contains both SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients imaged for suspected appendicitis Apr.

CT imaging of esophageal foreign bodies in children: a pictorial essay.

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is common in children, particularly from 6 months to 3 years of age. As young children may be unable to provide a clinical history and the ingestion is often unwitnessed, imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, predicting outcomes and detecting complications that require surgical intervention. Since 2015, our institution's diagnostic algorithm for suspected airway foreign bodies has included a noncontrast airway FB CT (FB-CT) with the z-axis coverage spanning from the larynx to the proximal segmental bronchi of the lower lung zones.

Prospective cost implications with a clinical decision support system for pediatric emergency head computed tomography.

Background: Unnecessary imaging is a potential cost driver in the United States health care system.

Objective: Using a clinical decision support tool, we determined the percentage of low-utility non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) examinations on emergency patients and calculated the prospective cost implications of providing low-value imaging using time-driven activity-based costing at an academic quaternary pediatric hospital.

Materials And Methods: A clinical decision support tool for imaging, CareSelect (National Decision Support Co.

Testicular Myofibroma in Children: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Testicular tumors are rare in the prepubertal population and often are germ cell tumors. Myofibroma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm composed of myofibroblasts, which are intermediate cells between fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Only two prepubertal testicular myofibromas have been previously reported.

Chest CT for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Bodies.

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in children. Radiography is the mainstay of imaging, but many radiolucent items go undetected without further imaging by fluoroscopic esophagram. While studies in adults support the use of computed tomography (CT) for esophageal foreign body ingestion, CT has historically not been used in children given the typically higher radiation doses on CT compared with fluoroscopy.

Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Guide to Rapidly Deploying Home Workstations to Guarantee Radiology Services During Quarantine, Social Distancing, and Stay Home Orders.

The purpose of this article is to share an experience in the rapid deployment of home workstations that illustrates a creative solution that transcended typical administrative barriers. In response to the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, radiology departments need to rapidly deploy home PACS workstations to facilitate physical distancing and to guarantee radiologic expertise despite possible home quarantining or stay home, work safe orders.

Pediatric applications of Dotatate: early diagnostic and therapeutic experience.

In recent years, new somatostatin receptor agents (SSTRs) have become available for diagnostic imaging and therapy in neuroendocrine tumors. The novel SSTR ligand DOTA-DPhel-Tyr3-octreotate (Dotatate) in particular can be linked with Gallium for diagnostic imaging purposes, and with the β-emitter Lutetium for radiotherapy in the setting of neuroendocrine tumors. Dotatate imaging offers distinct advantages in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors compared to standard techniques, including greater target-to-background ratio and lesion conspicuity, high sensitivity/specificity, improved spatial resolution with positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MR, and decreased radiation exposure.

Current trends in pediatric nuclear medicine: a Society for Pediatric Radiology membership survey.

Background: Pediatric nuclear medicine is evolving, and its practice patterns are uncertain. Knowledge of the current trends in pediatric nuclear medicine might be helpful to direct local decisions, including expectations for patient care, needs for capital acquisitions, and staffing recruitment strategies.

Objective: To provide data regarding the current practice of pediatric nuclear medicine via a Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) membership survey.