Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy of Bone Metastases in an Oligometastatic Setting: One-Year Follow-Up of the BONY-M Phase 2 Trial.

Purpose: SABR is increasingly applied to treat oligometastatic disease (OMD). As patients may be asymptomatic, severe toxicity must be carefully balanced with effect in this setting. The BONY-M trial aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicity after SABR of uncomplicated bone metastases in patients with OMD.

Motion artifacts and image quality in stroke MRI: associated factors and impact on AI and human diagnostic accuracy.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of motion artifacts and the factors associated with them in a cohort of suspected stroke patients, and to determine their impact on diagnostic accuracy for both AI and radiologists.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included brain MRI scans of consecutive adult suspected stroke patients from a non-comprehensive Danish stroke center between January and April 2020. An expert neuroradiologist identified acute ischemic, hemorrhagic, and space-occupying lesions as references.

Should chest computed tomography be routine in patients referred to abdominal computed tomography for major emergency abdominal pathology: an exploratory clinical study.

Purpose: The introduction of optimised care bundles in emergency major abdominal surgery has reduced mortality. Core elements are fast diagnostic work-up with abdominal computed tomography (CT) and surgery without delay. Given the diagnostic challenges in patients with abdominal pain, we aimed to investigate if the addition of a full contrast-enhanced chest CT provides additional clinically significant diagnostic information in patients referred to an emergency abdominal CT.

Impact of spectrum bias on deep learning-based stroke MRI analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate spectrum bias in stroke MRI analysis by excluding cases with uncertain acute ischemic lesions (AIL) and examining patient, imaging, and lesion factors associated with these cases.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included adults with brain MRIs for suspected stroke between January 2020 and April 2022. Diagnostic uncertain AIL were identified through reader disagreement or low certainty grading by a radiology resident, a neuroradiologist, and the original radiology report consisting of various neuroradiologists.

Imaging the pancreas with photon-counting CT - A review of normal pancreatic anatomy.

Purpose: Compared to conventional energy integrating detector CT, Photon-Counting CT (PCCT) has the advantage of increased spatial resolution. The pancreas is a highly complex organ anatomically. The increased spatial resolution of PCCT challenges radiologists' knowledge of pancreatic anatomy.

Handheld Ultrasound Devices Used by Newly Certified Operators for Pneumonia in the Emergency Department-A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

The diagnostic accuracy of handheld ultrasound (HHUS) devices operated by newly certified operators for pneumonia is unknown. This multicenter diagnostic accuracy study included patients prospectively suspected of pneumonia from February 2021 to February 2022 in four emergency departments. The index test was a 14-zone focused lung ultrasound (FLUS) examination, with consolidation with air bronchograms as diagnostic criteria for pneumonia.

Using AI to Identify Unremarkable Chest Radiographs for Automatic Reporting.

Background Radiology practices have a high volume of unremarkable chest radiographs and artificial intelligence (AI) could possibly improve workflow by providing an automatic report. Purpose To estimate the proportion of unremarkable chest radiographs, where AI can correctly exclude pathology (ie, specificity) without increasing diagnostic errors. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, consecutive chest radiographs in unique adult patients (≥18 years of age) were obtained January 1-12, 2020, at four Danish hospitals.

DCE-CT parameters as new functional imaging biomarkers at baseline and during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with lung cancer - a feasibility study.

Background: With the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the need for new functional imaging techniques and early response assessments has increased to account for new response patterns and the high cost of treatment. The present study was designed to assess the prognostic impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) on survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were prospectively enrolled for DCE-CT as part of their follow-up.

Can clinicians identify community-acquired pneumonia on ultralow-dose CT? A diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Without increasing radiation exposure, ultralow-dose computed tomography (CT) of the chest provides improved diagnostic accuracy of radiological pneumonia diagnosis compared to a chest radiograph. Yet, radiologist resources to rapidly report the chest CTs are limited. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of emergency clinicians' assessments of chest ultralow-dose CTs for community-acquired pneumonia using a radiologist's assessments as reference standard.

Reinforcement learning-based anatomical maps for pancreas subregion and duct segmentation.

Background: The pancreas is a complex abdominal organ with many anatomical variations, and therefore automated pancreas segmentation from medical images is a challenging application.

Purpose: In this paper, we present a framework for segmenting individual pancreatic subregions and the pancreatic duct from three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: A multiagent reinforcement learning (RL) network was used to detect landmarks of the head, neck, body, and tail of the pancreas, and landmarks along the pancreatic duct in a selected target CT image.

Risk of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other interstitial lung diseases following organic dust exposure.

Background: Organic dust is associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and associations with other types of interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been suggested. We examined the association between occupational organic dust exposure and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other ILDs in a cohort study.

Methods: The study population included all residents of Denmark born in 1956 or later with at least 1 year of gainful employment since 1976.

The asbestos-asbestosis exposure-response relationship: a cohort study of the general working population.

Objectives: The association between asbestos exposure and asbestosis in high-exposed industrial cohorts is well-known, but there is a lack of knowledge about the exposure-response relationship for asbestosis in a general working population setting. We examined the exposure-response relationship between occupational asbestos exposure and asbestosis in asbestos-exposed workers of the Danish general working population.

Methods: We followed all asbestos-exposed workers from 1979 to 2015 and identified incident cases of asbestosis using the Danish National Patient Register.

Consequences of Losing Incidental Pulmonary Nodules to Follow-Up: Unmonitored Nodules Progressing to Stage IV Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Incidental pulmonary nodules represent a golden opportunity for early diagnosis, which is critical for improving survival rates. This study explores the impact of missed pulmonary nodules on the progression of lung cancer.

The usual Interstitial pneumonia pattern in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) is characterized by progression of lung parenchyma that may be observed in various autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases. From a diagnostic point of view, a UIP pattern related to ARDs may display imaging and pathological features able to distinguish it from that related to IPF, such as the "straight-edge" sign at HRCT and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates at histologic specimens. Multidisciplinary approach (MDD), involving at least pulmonologist, rheumatologist and radiologist, is fundamental in the differential diagnosis process, but MDD is also required in the evaluation of severity, progression and response to treatment, that is based on the combination of changes in symptoms, pulmonary function trends, and, in selected patients, serial CT evaluation.

Ultra-low-dose emergency chest computed tomography protocols in three vendors: A technical note.

Background: In suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chest CT is superior to the routinely obtained radiographs (CXR), but administers higher radiation doses. However, ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) has shown promising results.

Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality using standard and ULDCT protocols designed for a multicenter study encompassing three CT scanner models from GE, Canon, and Siemens.

Autonomous Chest Radiograph Reporting Using AI: Estimation of Clinical Impact.

Background Automated interpretation of normal chest radiographs could alleviate the workload of radiologists. However, the performance of such an artificial intelligence (AI) tool compared with clinical radiology reports has not been established. Purpose To perform an external evaluation of a commercially available AI tool for the number of chest radiographs autonomously reported, the sensitivity for AI detection of abnormal chest radiographs, and the performance of AI compared with that of the clinical radiology reports.

Potential impact of texture analysis in contrast enhanced CT in non-small cell lung cancer as a marker of survival: A retrospective feasibility study.

The objective of this feasibility study was to assess computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (CTTA) of pulmonary lesions as a predictor of overall survival in patients with suspected lung cancer on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). In a retrospective pilot study, 94 patients (52 men and 42 women; mean age, 67.2 ± 10.

Assessment of Correlation between Dual-Energy Ct (De-Ct)-Derived Iodine Concentration and Local Flourodeoxyglucose (Fdg) Uptake in Patients with Primary Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

(1) The current literature contains several studies investigating the correlation between dual-energy-derived iodine concentration (IC) and positron emission tomography (PET)-derived Flourodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In previously published studies, either the entire tumor volume or a region of interest containing the maximum IC or 18F-FDG was assessed. However, the results have been inconsistent.

Early reduction in spectral dual-layer detector CT parameters as favorable imaging biomarkers in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To associate the early change in DL-CT parameters and HU with survival outcomes and treatment response in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: DL-CT scans were performed at baseline and after 1 month of checkpoint immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Scans were reconstructed to conventional CT and DL-CT series, and used for assessment of HU, iodine concentration (IC), and the effective atomic number (Z) in the combined RECISTv.

Economic impact of spectral body imaging in diagnosis of patients suspected for occult cancer.

Background: Based on prior studies spectral CT has shown a higher sensitivity for malignant lesions than conventional CT at the cost of lower specificity. For the radiologists, it also offers a higher degree of certainty in the diagnosis of benign lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of spectral CT in patients suspected of occult cancer in a medical center in Denmark.