Latitudinal changes in blubber fatty acids of the South American sea lion along the Southeast Pacific Coast.

The composition of marine mammal blubber is influenced by factors such as diet and environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the thermal influence on fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation in the blubber of 151 South American sea lions (Otaria byronia). Samples were collected at ten locations along the Chilean coast and spanned a latitudinal range of approximately 2500 km, an arc of 23°.

Comprehensive Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory, Antiproliferative and Neuroprotective Properties of Cauliflower after Dehydration by Different Drying Methods.

Cauliflower ( L. var. Botrytis Linnaeus) has various health benefits due to its rich bioactive compound content.

Are yessotoxins an emerging problem in Chile? Context and perspectives following the first report of YTX levels exceeding the regulatory limit in the Patagonian fjord system.

In late summer and early autumn 2022, an intense bloom of Protoceratium reticulatum-the main yessotoxin (YTX) producer along Chilean coasts and a major threat to artisanal fisheries, the aquaculture industry, and environmental health-was recorded in the Patagonian fjord system. The high YTX levels (>3.75 mg kg) resulted in the first ban of shellfish collection in Chile.

Synchronic distribution of the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins in a high stratified fjord system: Tidal or light modulation?

Protoceratium reticulatum is the main yessotoxin-producer along the Chilean coast. Thus far, the yessotoxin levels recorded in this region have not posed a serious threat to human health. However, a bloom of P.

Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum and its yessotoxins on the survival and feed ingestion of Argopecten purpuratus veliger larvae.

The effects of yessotoxins (YTXs) produced by the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in the early stages of bivalves have not been studied in detail. The present study evaluates the effects of P. reticulatum and YTXs on the survival and feed ingestion of veliger larvae of Argopecten purpuratus.

Assessment of Bio-Compounds Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Red Cabbage ( var. ) Processed by Convective Drying at Different Temperatures.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures.

Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying on Broccoli: Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Properties Regarding Other Drying Methods.

Low-temperature vacuum drying (LTVD) has shown great potential for drying vegetables. It could avoid excessive degradations of active compounds with potential therapeutic agents. In this study, the effect on several relevant bioactive compounds, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-proliferative activity of broccoli ( var.

A Diet Rich in HUFAs Enhances the Energetic and Immune Response Capacities of Larvae of the Scallop .

Massive mortalities in farmed larvae of the scallop have been associated with pathogenic outbreaks. An energetic trade-off between development-associated demands and immune capacity has been observed. Given that highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are essential nutrients for larval development, we evaluated the effect of diets based on microalgae low and high in HUFAs (LH and HH, respectively) on the energetic condition and the immune response of scallop larvae.

or : What Makes the Difference in Highly Stratified Fjords?

and which follows it seasonally, are the main producers of lipophilic toxins in temperate coastal waters, including Southern Chile. Strains of the two species differ in their toxin profiles and impacts on shellfish resources. is considered the major cause of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) outbreaks in Southern Chile, but there is uncertainty about the toxicity of and little information on microscale oceanographic conditions promoting their blooms.

New Insights into -Primed Plant Responses to a Necrotrophic Pathogen Derived from the Tomato- Pathosystem.

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is one of the most studied mechanisms of plant−microbe interaction and is considered a very promising alternative for integrated pest management programs. In our study, we explored the plant defense response induced by Bacillus velezensis BBC047 in relation to its application before or after Botrytis cinerea infection of tomato plants. The inoculation of BBC047 did not considerably alter the gene expression of the tomato tissues, whereas infection with B.

Clinical Implications of Herbal Supplements in Conventional Medical Practice: A US Perspective.

Herbal supplements are common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches with an ever-increasing use trend in the last two decades among the US population. Self-medication with herbal supplements which are promoted for general well-being, weight loss, immunity, and memory boost, and mental and physical health claims are very prevalent. There is a misperception that herbal supplements are harmless as they are prepared from natural sources.

Chemical composition and heavy metal content of Chilean seaweeds: Potential applications of seaweed meal as food and feed ingredients.

Seaweeds are a rich source of nutritional and functional compounds, but they also accumulate heavy metals. Here, the chemical composition (crude protein, total lipids, Nitrogen Free Extract and fiber) and the presence of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se) and unwanted elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al) were determined in eleven seaweeds from Chile. Depending on the species, a good contribution to the Recommended Dietary Allowance for K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Se was observed, and low Na/K ratios (<1.

The Role of Surfactin Production by on Colonization, Biofilm Formation on Tomato Root and Leaf Surfaces and Subsequent Protection (ISR) against .

Many aspects regarding the role of lipopeptides (LPs) in bacterial interaction with plants are not clear yet. Of particular interest is the LP family of surfactin, immunogenic molecules involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and the bacterial colonization of plant surfaces. We hypothesize that the concentration of surfactin produced by a strain correlates directly with its ability to colonize and persist on different plant surfaces, which conditions its capacity to trigger ISR.

First Report of Domoic Acid Production from in Paracas Bay (Peru).

The Peruvian sea is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton production provides food for fish, mammals, mollusks and birds. This trophic network is affected by the presence of toxic phytoplankton species.

Niche differentiation of Dinophysis acuta and D. acuminata in a stratified fjord.

Dinophysis acuta and D. acuminata are associated with lipophilic toxins in Southern Chile. Blooms of the two species coincided during summer 2019 in a highly stratified fjord system (Puyuhuapi, Chilean Patagonia).

Extract Residual as Nutrient Source for the Production of Sophorolipids Compounds by Marine Yeast .

Seaweed processing generates liquid fraction residual that could be used as a low-cost nutrient source for microbial production of metabolites. The strain is able to produce antimicrobial compounds known as sophorolipids. Our aim was to evaluate sophorolipid production, with antibacterial activity, by marine using liquid fraction residual (LFR) from the brown seaweed as the nutrient source.

Multiscale physical background to an exceptional harmful algal bloom of Dinophysis acuta in a fjord system.

Dinophysis acuta produces diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins and pectenotoxins (PTX). It blooms in thermally-stratified shelf waters in late summer in temperate to cold temperate latitudes. Despite its major contribution to shellfish harvesting bans, little effort has been devoted to study its population dynamics in Chilean Patagonia.

Rapid Domoic Acid Depuration in the Scallop and Its Transfer from the Digestive Gland to Other Organs.

Domoic acid (DA), the main toxin responsible for Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, frequently affects the marine resources of Chile and other countries across the South Pacific, thus becoming a risk for human health. One of the affected resources is the scallop . Even though this species has a high commercial importance in Northern Chile and Peru, the characteristics of its DA depuration are not known.

Cell Cycle, Division Rate, and Feeding of the Heterotroph in a Chilean Fjord.

is a rare cosmopolitan heterotrophic dinoflagellate. This species, included in the IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Microalgae, may be a diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin vector, but little is known about its ecophysiology and behavior. A vertical net haul collected during the austral summer of 2018 in Reloncaví Sound (Chilean Patagonia) revealed an unusually abundant population of and prompted intensive 24 h sampling on 16-17 January to study the cell cycle and feeding behavior of this species.

Identification of Specific Lysines and Arginines That Mediate Angiomotin Membrane Association.

The family of Angiomotin (Amot) proteins regulate several biological pathways associated with cellular differentiation, proliferation, and migration. These adaptor proteins target proteins to the apical membrane, actin fibers, or the nucleus. A major function of the Amot coiled-coil homology (ACCH) domain is to initiate protein interactions with the cellular membrane, particularly those containing phosphatidylinositol lipids.

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Surf Clams during a Large Bloom of Dinoflagellates Associated to an Intense Shellfish Mass Mortality.

In late February 2016, a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of was detected in southern Chiloé, leading to the banning of shellfish harvesting in an extended geographical area (~500 km). On April 24, 2016, this bloom produced a massive beaching (an accumulation on the beach surface of dead or impaired organisms which were drifted ashore) of surf clams in Cucao Bay, Chiloé. To determine the effect of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in , samples were taken from Cucao during the third massive beaching detected on May 3, 2016.

Health facility or home delivery? Factors influencing the choice of delivery place among mothers living in rural communities of Eritrea.

Background: In Eritrea, despite high antenatal care (ANC) use, utilization of health facilities for child birth is still low and with marked variations between urban and rural areas. Understanding the reasons behind the poor use of these services in a rural setting is important to design targeted strategies and address the challenge contextually. This study aimed to determine factors that influence women's choice of delivery place in selected rural communities in Eritrea.

Rapid Identification and Simultaneous Quantification of Aristolochic Acids by HPLC-DAD and Confirmations by MS in Using a Limited Biomass.

Six aristolochic acids were identified in the Chilean species using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and subsequent confirmation with mass spectrometry (MS). The fractions of each signal were collected and injected directly into an Orbitrap mass detector model Q Exactive Focus (Thermo Scientific). The acids extraction was done with 0.