The Emergence of a Psychodynamic Conceptualization of Childhood in the United States.

Psychodynamic theory and approaches have shaped the fundamental frameworks used to care for and educate young children from infancy through adolescence. Early child psychoanalytic perspectives focused on the role of early life experiences and development, and how these factors influenced adult character. Over time, this conceptualization evolved to recognize the complex nature of the vulnerable child's psychological needs within the context of their environment, with psychodynamic psychotherapy becoming a major component of youth mental health treatment.

Trends in self-citation rates in high-impact neurology, neuroscience, and psychiatry journals.

Citation metrics influence academic reputation and career trajectories. Recent works have highlighted flaws in citation practices in the Neurosciences, such as the under-citation of women. However, self-citation rates-or how much authors cite themselves-have not yet been comprehensively investigated in the Neurosciences.

Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Social Visual Pathway in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The social visual pathway, which diverges from the dorsal pathway at the visual motion area (MT/V5) and runs from the posterior down to anterior portions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), specializes in processing dynamic social information. This study examined resting-state functional connectivity within this pathway in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children. Using data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) repository, we found significant hypoconnectivity between the posterior and middle STS (pSTS-mSTS) in the right hemisphere in children with ASD compared to those in TD children.

Machine Learning and Prediction in Fetal, Infant, and Toddler Neuroimaging: A Review and Primer.

Predictive models in neuroimaging are increasingly designed with the intent to improve risk stratification and support interventional efforts in psychiatry. Many of these models have been developed in samples of children school-aged or older. Nevertheless, despite growing evidence that altered brain maturation during the fetal, infant, and toddler (FIT) period modulates risk for poor mental health outcomes in childhood, these models are rarely implemented in FIT samples.

Predicting the future of neuroimaging predictive models in mental health.

Predictive modeling using neuroimaging data has the potential to improve our understanding of the neurobiology underlying psychiatric disorders and putatively information interventions. Accordingly, there is a plethora of literature reviewing published studies, the mathematics underlying machine learning, and the best practices for using these approaches. As our knowledge of mental health and machine learning continue to evolve, we instead aim to look forward and "predict" topics that we believe will be important in current and future studies.

Functional Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling in Autism.

Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based studies have helped advance our understanding of its effects on brain network activity. We review how predictive modeling, using measures of functional connectivity and symptoms, has helped reveal key insights into this condition. We discuss how different prediction frameworks can further our understanding of the brain-based features that underlie complex autism symptomatology and consider how predictive models may be used in clinical settings.

Large-scale differences in functional organization of left- and right-handed individuals using whole-brain, data-driven analysis of connectivity.

Handedness influences differences in lateralization of language areas as well as dominance of motor and somatosensory cortices. However, differences in whole-brain functional connectivity (i.e.

Atypical Intrinsic Hemispheric Interaction Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Present within the First Year of Life.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical connectivity lateralization of functional networks. However, previous studies have not directly investigated if differences in specialization between ASD and typically developing (TD) peers are present in infancy, leaving the timing of onset of these differences relatively unknown. We studied the hemispheric asymmetries of connectivity in children with ASD and infants later meeting the diagnostic criteria for ASD.

Brief Report: Preliminary Evidence of the N170 as a Biomarker of Response to Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by primary difficulties in social function. Individuals with ASD display slowed neural processing of faces, as indexed by the latency of the N170, a face-sensitive event-related potential. Currently, there are no objective biomarkers of ASD useful in clinical care or research.

The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD.

Atypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces.

The Presence of Another Person Influences Oscillatory Cortical Dynamics During Dual Brain EEG Recording.

Humans are innately social creatures and the social environment strongly influences brain development. As such, the human brain is primed for and sensitive to social information even in the absence of explicit task or instruction. In this study, we examined the influence of different levels of interpersonal proximity on resting state brain activity and its association with social cognition.

Oxytocin Enhances the Neural Efficiency of Social Perception.

Face perception is a highly conserved process that directs our attention from infancy and is supported by specialized neural circuitry. Oxytocin (OT) can increase accuracy and detection of emotional faces, but these effects are mediated by valence, individual differences, and context. We investigated the temporal dynamics of OT's influence on the neural substrates of face perception using event related potentials (ERPs).

Normalization of Speech Processing After Whole-Vault Cranioplasty in Sagittal Synostosis.

Background: Neurocognitive studies have found impairments in language-related abilities in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, highlighting clinical importance of early language processing. In this study, neural response to speech sounds in infants with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC) is compared, preoperatively and postoperatively, using event-related potentials (ERPs) to objectively characterize development in language processing.

Methods: Electroencephalogram was recorded while 39 infants (12 NSC and 27 controls; ages 73-283 days) listened to the Hindi dental /(Equation is included in full-text article.

Social Media Use, Friendship Quality, and the Moderating Role of Anxiety in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Social media holds promise as a technology to facilitate social engagement, but may displace offline social activities. Adolescents with ASD are well suited to capitalize on the unique features of social media, which requires less decoding of complex social information. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed social media use, anxiety and friendship quality in 44 adolescents with ASD, and 56 clinical comparison controls.

Modulation of reward in a live social context as revealed through interactive social neuroscience.

Social neuroscience research investigating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has yielded inconsistent findings, despite ASD being well-characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication through behavioral observation. In particular, specific etiologies and functional and structural assays of the brain in autism have not been consistently identified. To date, most social neuroscience research has focused on a single person viewing static images.

Interactive social neuroscience to study autism spectrum disorder.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate difficulty with social interactions and relationships, but the neural mechanisms underlying these difficulties remain largely unknown. While social difficulties in ASD are most apparent in the context of interactions with other people, most neuroscience research investigating ASD have provided limited insight into the complex dynamics of these interactions. The development of novel, innovative "interactive social neuroscience" methods to study the brain in contexts with two interacting humans is a necessary advance for ASD research.