Exploring mutational possibilities of KPC variants to reach high level resistance to cefiderocol.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is a frequent and widespread carbapenemase, with over 260 variants identified. While KPC often evolves resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam, cefiderocol remains a key treatment option. Some variants, such as KPC-33 (D179Y), reduce cefiderocol susceptibility, but typically with only modest MIC increases.

Prospective and Multicenter Evaluation of Community Fecal Carriage of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in French Children (2022-2024).

Community fecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in 637 French children (6-24 months) was 0.5%, with no typical risk factors identified (antibiotics, hospitalization, recent travel). Of note, one isolate of Escherichia coli ST38 with blaOXA-244 and blaCTX-M-27 belonging to a clonal group with high diffusion was found, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance.

Features of Invasive Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus flavus, France, 2012-2018.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by Aspergillus flavus remains poorly described. We retrospectively analyzed 54 cases of IA caused by A. flavus reported in France during 2012-2018.

Investigating nosocomial BKPyV (BK Polyomavirus) infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: challenges and prospects.

Introduction: The modes of transmission of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) remain incompletely understood. BKPyV infections can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Hospitalization in a pediatric hematology unit may represent initial exposure to BKPyV due to the high rate of viral shedding among hematology patients.

Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic methods for detecting KPC variants.

carbapenemases (KPCs) have spread and diversified extensively. To date, 242 clinical variants have been identified and harbor different hydrolytic capacities, thereby interfering with rapid diagnostic tests. The accurate detection of KPC variants is crucial to guide treatment and control measures in healthcare settings.

Infusion line contamination in preterm neonates: impact of infusion line design, length, and use duration: the multicenter ChronoBIOline study.

Introduction: Central venous catheters are critical in preterm neonatal care but increase the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The incidence of -associated CLABSIs in French neonates is increasing, but the mechanisms underlying this trend remain unclear.

Methods: We examined microorganisms in 108 central line infusion sets used in preterm infants across 12 neonatal intensive care units, and collected at the time of removal.

Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors Associated With Mold-Positive Blood Cultures: 10-Year Data From a French Prospective Surveillance Program (2012-2022).

Background: While invasive fusariosis and lomentosporiosis are known to be associated with fungemia, overall data on mold-related fungemia are limited, hampering early management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of mold-positive blood cultures.

Methods: Epidemiological and clinical data on mold-positive blood cultures from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the RESSIF database.

Evaluation of the inoculum effect of new antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales.

Objectives: New antibiotics have been developed to treat multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. We evaluated the impact of the inoculum size on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of recently commercialized antibiotics.

Methods: We focused on 40 clinical carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and evaluated the impact of the inoculum size on the MICs to cefiderocol and to new β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam) at usual and high inocula (10 and 10 CFU/mL, respectively).

Emergence of Difficult-to-Treat Tinea Corporis Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Isolates, Paris, France.

We describe 7 cases of extensive tinea corporis since 2018 in a hospital in Paris, France, after failure to cure with terbinafine. Molecular analysis indicated Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer type VIII (T. indotineae).

Imported leishmaniasis in travelers: a 7-year retrospective from a Parisian hospital in France.

Background: Leishmaniases are regularly seen in non-endemic areas due to the increase of international travels. They include cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) and mucocutaneous (MC) caused by different Leishmania species, and visceral leishmaniases (VL) which present with non-specific symptoms.

Methods: We reviewed all consecutive leishmaniasis cases seen between September 2012 and May 2020.

meningitis in kidney transplant recipients: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients. We describe three cases of neuro-meningeal cryptococcosis occurring among kidney transplant (KT) patients, and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this context. Median time from KT to infection was 6 months [range: 3-9].

Different repartition of the cryptic species of black aspergilli according to the anatomical sites in human infections, in a French University hospital.

Unlabelled: Black aspergilli of the section Nigri are rarely differentiated at the species level when originating from human specimens. We wondered whether some cryptic species could be more frequently observed in some clinical entities. We analyzed the 198 black isolates consecutively collected from the external ear canal (EEC; n = 66), respiratory specimens (n = 99), and environment (n = 33).

Increased sensitivity of a new commercial reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR for the detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in respiratory specimens.

Unlabelled: Optimal sensitivity to detect low Pneumocystis loads is of importance to take individual and collective measures to avoid evolution towards Pneumocystis pneumonia and outbreaks in immunocompromised patients. This study compares two qPCR procedures, a new automated RTqPCR using the GeneLEAD VIII extractor/thermocycler (GLVIII; ∼2.2 h workflow) and a previously validated in-house qPCR assays (IH; ∼5 h workflow) both targeting mtSSU and mtLSU for detecting P.

Prospective comparison of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan detection using colorimetric and turbidimetric assays for diagnosing invasive fungal disease.

Unlabelled: Serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), an pan fungal antigen, is detected in some invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). We compared two commercial kits, the Fungitell assay (FA) (colorimetric) and the Wako assay (WA) (turbidimetric) over a 4-month period to prospectively test 171 patients who mainly had hematological conditions (62%) and experienced episodes (n = 175) of suspected invasive fungal infection. Twenty-three episodes due to BDG-producing fungi were diagnosed (pneumocystosis, n = 12; invasive aspergillosis, n = 5; candidemia, n = 3; invasive fusariosis, n = 2; hepato-splenic candidiasis, n = 1).

Evaluation of a New Histoplasma spp. Quantitative RT-PCR Assay.

Laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on various methods, including microscopy, culture, antigen, and DNA detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum or Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii.

Comparison of MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Microsatellite Length Polymorphism (MLP) for genotyping.

is an atypical fungus responsible for severe respiratory infections, often reported as local outbreaks in immunocompromised patients. Epidemiology of this infection, and transmission risk emphasises the need for developing genotyping techniques. Currently, two methods have emerged: Multilocus Sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP).

Invasive Infections with Nannizziopsis obscura Species Complex in 9 Patients from West Africa, France, 2004-2020.

Nine new human invasive infections caused by the keratinophilic fungi Nannizziopsis obscura have been reported in France since 2004. The patients had variable clinical manifestations, had frequent dissemination, were mainly T-cell immunocompromised, and all originated from sub-Saharan West Africa. Before collection of the isolates, the etiologies of these infections were often misidentified, underscoring the extent of microscopic and cultural polymorphisms.

Entamoeba histolytica DNA Detection in Serum from Patients with Suspected Amoebic Liver Abscess.

Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is regularly seen in travelers or immigrants from tropical countries. The diagnosis relies on liver imaging that is not specific and on the detection of anti- antibodies, which cannot distinguish an acute from a former infection. We tested whether DNA detection in serum can improve the diagnosis of ALA.

Quantification of : Cross-Platform Comparison of One qPCR Assay with Leading Platforms and Six Master Mixes.

Diagnosis of pneumonia relies on nucleic acid quantification in respiratory samples. Lack of standardization among molecular assays results in significant differences among assays/centers. To further promote standardization, we compared four thermocyclers and six master mixes for the detection of .

Outbreak-Causing Fungi: Pneumocystis jirovecii.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, with a higher mortality in non-HIV than in HIV patients. P. jirovecii is one of the rare transmissible pathogenic fungi and the only one that depends fully on the host to survive and proliferate.