Associations between weight gain, integrase inhibitors antiretroviral agents, and gut microbiome in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

Dolutegravir and bictegravir are second-generation HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) that were previously associated with abnormal weight gain. This monocentric cross-sectional study investigates associations between weight gain during the first year after initiation of dolutegravir, bictegravir or other anchor drugs and gut microbiome diversity as well as taxa composition. The study enrolled 79 participants receiving dolutegravir, 32 receiving bictegravir and 10 receiving non-INSTI based regimens.

Fecal Dysosmobacter spp. concentration is linked to plasma lipidome in insulin-resistant individuals with overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Background: Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. This excessive increase of adipose tissue is a risk factor for the development of multiple diseases and premature death. Amongst associated diseases, metabolic syndrome is one of the main comorbidities of obesity.

Gut microbiota composition differences are associated with geographic location and age in malaria-endemic regions of Rwanda.

Evidence suggests that a significant interplay exists between the host gut microbiota and both the transmission and severity of malaria. Therefore, we explored the association between malaria and the gut microbiota across various geographic regions, considering host's nutritional habits, helminth coinfections and age. This observational study was conducted in 3 malaria-endemic provinces of Rwanda: West, South and East.

The gut microbiome and cancer: from tumorigenesis to therapy.

The gut microbiome has a crucial role in cancer development and therapy through its interactions with the immune system and tumour microenvironment. Although evidence links gut microbiota composition to cancer progression, its precise role in modulating treatment responses remains unclear. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge on the gut microbiome's involvement in cancer, covering its role in tumour initiation and progression, interactions with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, and its influence on cancer immunotherapy.

Rapid modulation of gut microbiota composition by hypothalamic circuits in mice.

In recent years, the gut microbiota and derived metabolites have emerged as relevant players in modulating several brain functions, including energy balance control. This form of distant communication mirrors that of metabolic hormones (for example, leptin, ghrelin), which convey information about the organism's energy status by exerting effects on diverse brain regions, including the master homeostatic centre, the hypothalamus. However, whether the hypothalamus is also able to influence gut microbiota composition remains enigmatic.

Smart control lipid-based nanocarriers for fine-tuning gut hormone secretion.

Modulating the endogenous stores of gastrointestinal hormones is considered a promising strategy to mimic gut endocrine function, improving metabolic dysfunction. Here, we exploit mouse and human knock-in and knockout intestinal organoids and show that agents used as commercial lipid excipients can activate nutrient-sensitive receptors on enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and, when formulated as lipid nanocarriers, can bestow biological effects through the release of GLP-1, GIP, and PYY from K and L cells. Studies in wild-type, dysglycemic, and gut knockout mice demonstrated that the effect exerted by lipid nanocarriers could be modulated by varying the excipients (e.

Obesity phenotype and gut microbiota alterations are not associated with anxiety-like behaviour in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Anxiety is a common co-morbidity with obesity and metabolic disease, and can lead to a significant impact on quality of life. The vast differences in the gut microbiota between obese and control individuals provide a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention. A high-fat diet (HFD) in rodent models have been shown to induce anxiety-like behaviour and has been tested through an array of distinct behavioural tests such as the elevated plus maze test, light-dark test and open field test.

Luciferase transduction and selection protocol for reliable bioluminescent measurements in cancer research.

Bioluminescence imaging has become an essential non-invasive tool in cancer research for monitoring various cellular processes and tumor progression . In this article, we aimed to propose a transduction and selection protocol for reliable bioluminescent measurements in immunocompetent mouse models. Using two different heterogenous luciferase-expressing cell models, we underlined factors influencing transduction.

Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities.

SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.

Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity by changing intestinal mucus production, composition and degradation linked to changes in gut microbiota and faecal proteome profiles in mice.

Objective: To decipher the mechanisms by which the major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), can affect body weight and fat mass gain on high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in mice. We wanted to elucidate whether 2'FL metabolic effects are linked with changes in intestinal mucus production and secretion, mucin glycosylation and degradation, as well as with the modulation of the gut microbiota, faecal proteome and endocannabinoid (eCB) system.

Results: 2'FL supplementation reduced HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.

Pasteurized improves irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms and related behavioral disorders in mice.

Gut - brain communications disorders in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, increased gut permeability, and psychosocial disturbances. Symptoms of IBS are difficult to medicate, and hence much research is being made into alternative approaches. This study assesses the potential of a treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila for alleviating IBS-like symptoms in two mouse models of IBS with different etiologies.

Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue.

Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player.

Impact of metformin and Dysosmobacter welbionis on diet-induced obesity and diabetes: from clinical observation to preclinical intervention.

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to investigate the association between the abundance of Dysosmobacter welbionis, a commensal gut bacterium, and metabolic health in human participants with obesity and diabetes, and the influence of metformin treatment and prebiotic intervention.

Methods: Metabolic variables were assessed and faecal samples were collected from 106 participants in a randomised controlled intervention with a prebiotic stratified by metformin treatment (Food4Gut trial). The abundance of D.

A nanoparticle platform for combined mucosal healing and immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.

Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment consist of anti-inflammatory products. In this study, we sought to induce the physiological secretion of glucagon-like peptide 2, a peptide with intestinal growth-promoting activity, via nanoparticles while simultaneously providing with immunomodulation by tailoring the nanoparticle surface. To this end, we developed hybrid lipid hyaluronate-KPV conjugated nanoparticles loaded with teduglutide for combination therapy in IBD.

The Sterilization of Human Milk by Holder Pasteurization or by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Leads to Differential Intestinal Effects in Mice.

Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 °C for 30 min.

Dysosmobacter welbionis effects on glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism are associated with specific bioactive lipids.

The newly identified bacterium Dysosmobacter welbionis J115 improves host metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. To investigate mechanisms, we used targeted lipidomics to identify and quantify bioactive lipids produced by the bacterium in the culture medium, the colon, the brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the blood of mice. In vitro, we compared the bioactive lipids produced by D.

Hepatic deletion of serine palmitoyl transferase 2 impairs ceramide/sphingomyelin balance, bile acids homeostasis and leads to liver damage in mice.

Ceramides (Cer) have been shown as lipotoxic inducers, which disturb numerous cell-signaling pathways, leading to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of de novo hepatic ceramide synthesis in energy and liver homeostasis in mice. We generated mice lacking serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Sptlc2), the rate limiting enzyme of ceramide de novo synthesis, in liver under albumin promoter.

Obese-associated gut microbes and derived phenolic metabolite as mediators of excessive motivation for food reward.

Background: Excessive hedonic consumption is one of the main drivers for weight gain. Identifying contributors of this dysregulation would help to tackle obesity. The gut microbiome is altered during obesity and regulates host metabolism including food intake.

Exploiting the biological effect exerted by lipid nanocapsules in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the global adult population and can progress to end-stage liver disease with life-threatening complications; however, no pharmacologic therapy has been approved. Drug delivery systems such as lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are a very versatile platform, easy to produce, and can induce the secretion of the native glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) when orally administered. GLP-1 analogs are currently being extensively studied in clinical trials in the context of NAFLD.

Inulin increases the beneficial effects of rhubarb supplementation on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice: impact on energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue activity, and microbiota.

Consumption of prebiotics and plant-based compounds have many beneficial health effects through modulation of gut microbiota composition and are considered as promising nutritional strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In the present study, we assessed the separated and combined effects of inulin and rhubarb on diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. We showed that supplementation with both inulin and rhubarb abolished the total body and fat mass gain upon high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHS) as well as several obesity-associated metabolic disorders.

A Lipidomics- and Transcriptomics-Based Analysis of the Intestine of Genetically Obese () and Diabetic () Mice: Links with Inflammation and Gut Microbiota.

Obesity is associated with a cluster of metabolic disorders, chronic low-grade inflammation, altered gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and alterations of the lipid mediators of the expanded endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system, or endocannabinoidome (eCBome). In the present study, we characterized the profile of the eCBome and related oxylipins in the small and large intestines of genetically obese () and diabetic () mice to decipher possible correlations between these mediators and intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota composition. Basal lipid and gene expression profiles, measured by LC/MS-MS-based targeted lipidomics and qPCR transcriptomics, respectively, highlighted a differentially altered intestinal eCBome and oxylipin tone, possibly linked to increased mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in mice.