Human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity: a revisit after fifteen years.

Human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activity is valuable for detecting potential exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting substances (CIS). A reliable population-based RBC-AChE activity reference range is critical for early and massive clinical and occupational toxicology screening. Previous published studies were often limited to small numbers of subjects, various testing methods, and crude statistical data analyses.

Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta).

Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea.

A Hidden Gem: Highlighting the Indispensable Capabilities and History of the DoD Cholinesterase Monitoring Program and DoD Cholinesterase Reference Laboratory.

The DoD Cholinesterase Monitoring Program and Cholinesterase Reference Laboratory have safeguarded U.S. government employees in chemical defense for over five decades.

Acute and two-week inhalation toxicity studies in rats for Polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluid.

Formal occupational exposure limits (OELs) for polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluids have not been proposed. Specific PAO fluids are utilized as aircraft hydraulics or heat sink coolants for electronics and aircraft service air. Toxicity was compared for a PAO fluid in male and female Fischer 344 rats using acute inhalation (0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/m aerosol for 6 hr) and two-week inhalation (0, 20, 100, or 300 mg/m aerosol for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week) studies.

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Activity of High-Dose Ivermectin and Chloroquine against the Liver Stage of Plasmodium cynomolgi Infection in Rhesus Macaques.

Previously, ivermectin (1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight) was shown to inhibit the liver-stage development of in orally dosed mice. Here, ivermectin showed inhibition of the development of schizonts (50% inhibitory concentration [IC], 10.42 μM) and hypnozoites (IC, 29.

Biosafety and biosecurity requirements for Orientia spp. diagnosis and research: recommendations for risk-based biocontainment, work practices and the case for reclassification to risk group 2.

Scrub typhus is an important arthropod-borne disease causing significant acute febrile illness by infection with Orientia spp.Using a risk-based approach, this review examines current practice, the evidence base and regulatory requirements regarding matters of biosafety and biosecurity, and presents the case for reclassification from Risk Group 3 to Risk Group 2 along with recommendations for safe working practices of risk-based activities during the manipulation of Orientia spp. in the laboratory.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) virus serological surveillance in goats in Lao PDR: Issues for disease eradication in a low-resource disease-free setting.

Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important transboundary viral disease of goats. This study aimed to determine a baseline of serological evidence for Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in Lao goats. A total of 1,072 serum samples were collected by convenience sampling across five provinces in Laos and tested for antibody response to PPRV using a commercially available competitive ELISA.

Serosurveillance of Coxiellosis (Q-fever) and Brucellosis in goats in selected provinces of Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Goat raising is a growing industry in Lao People's Democratic Republic, with minimal disease investigation to date, especially zoonoses. This study determined the proportional seropositivity of two zoonotic diseases: Q fever (causative agent Coxiella burnetii) and Brucellosis (Brucella species) in goats across five provinces (Vientiane Capital, Xayaboury, Xiengkhuang, Savannakhet and Attapeu). A total of 1458 goat serum samples were tested using commercial indirect ELISA for both pathogens, plus Rose Bengal agglutination test for Brucellosis.

Neuropathological and behavioral sequelae in IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra gene knockout mice after soman (GD) exposure.

Soman (GD) exposure results in status epilepticus (SE) that leads to neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral consequences including learning and memory deficits. The neuroinflammatory response is characterized by the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), which mediates the expression of other neurotoxic cytokines induced after GD exposure. However, the specific role of IL-1 signaling has not been defined in terms of the consequences of GD-induced SE.

CD4+ Cell infiltration into subcutaneous adipose tissue is not indicative of productively infected cells during acute SHIV infection.

Limited longitudinal data exist on the effect of HIV on adipose tissue (AT). We found an increase in CD4+ cells and detectable SHIV-RNA in AT during acute SHIV infection. SHIV-RNA+ cells were rare, suggesting that AT is unlikely to be a major source of productively infected cells in SHIV infection.

Novel technique for retroperitoneal implantation of telemetry transmitters for physiologic monitoring in Göttingen minipigs (Sus scrofa domesticus).

Telemetric monitoring of physiologic parameters in animal models is a critical component of chemical and biologic agent studies. The long-term collection of neurobehavioral and other physiologic data can require larger telemetry devices. Furthermore, such devices must be implanted in a location that is safe, well-tolerated, and functional.