Impact of a laminar air flow portable device on post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis rate.

Intravitreal injections (IVIs) are the most common outpatient procedure worldwide, yet no consensus exists regarding their optimal setting. This study analysed 101 976 IVIs performed between 2017 and 2023, comparing endophthalmitis rates before and after introducing a mobile laminar air flow (LAF) device in a clean room. The incidence of endophthalmitis decreased from 0.

Assessment of magnesium-based components for intraocular drug delivery bybiocompatibility and drug-device interaction.

The development of magnesium-based intraocular drug delivery devices holds significant promise for biomedical applications, particularly in treating wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors such as bevacizumab. Magnesium's rapid degradation, which can be finely tuned to achieve the controlled release required for AMD treatment, along with its well-established biocompatibility and biodegradable properties, positioning it as an ideal material for these applications. The study aimed to evaluate magnesium's potential as a carrier for ocular drug delivery systems by demontrating the stability of monoclonal antibodies, specifically bevacizumab, in the presence of magnesium corrosion products and the biocompatibility of these products with various cell lines, including murine fibroblasts (3T3), rat retinal Müller cells, and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE19).

Multimodal imaging features of retinal neovascularization in response to 3 anti-VEGF injections.

Objective: To analyze longitudinal changes of retinal neovessels (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after 3 monthly intravitreal injections (IVI) of ranibizumab by means of different imaging modalities, particularly focusing on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) features.

Methods: Prospective, monocentric study, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan. Consecutive patients with PDR were enrolled.

Impaired neutrophil-mediated cell death drives Ewing's Sarcoma in the background of Down syndrome.

Introduction: Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) has been reported in seven children with Down syndrome (DS). To date, a detailed assessment of this solid tumour in DS patients is yet to be made.

Methods: Here, we characterise a chemo-resistant mediastinal EWS in a 2-year-old DS child, the youngest ever reported case, by exploiting sequencing approaches.

Investigating Flow-Induced Corrosion of Magnesium in Ophthalmological Milieu.

Although the impact of local fluid dynamics in the biodegradation of magnesium is well known, currently no studies in the literature address the degradation effects of ocular vitreous on bioresorbable devices made of magnesium, which could be developed as drug delivery carriers. The aim of this study was to investigate the flow-induced corrosion mechanism of magnesium in an ophthalmological environment for future applications in ophthalmic drug delivery. To achieve this, experimental and computational methods were combined.

RAS-ON inhibition overcomes clinical resistance to KRAS G12C-OFF covalent blockade.

Selective KRAS inhibitors have been developed to covalently lock the oncogene in the inactive GDP-bound state. Two of these molecules, sotorasib and adagrasib, are approved for the treatment of adult patients with KRAS-mutated previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Drug treatment imposes selective pressures leading to the outgrowth of drug-resistant variants.

Alternative Tissue Fixation Protocols Dramatically Reduce the Impact of DNA Artifacts, Unraveling the Interpretation of Clinical Comprehensive Genomic Profiling.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples represent the cornerstone of tissue-based analysis in precision medicine. Targeted next-generation sequencing panels are routinely used to analyze a limited number of genes to guide treatment decision-making for advanced-stage patients. The number and complexity of genetic alterations to be investigated are rapidly growing; in several instances, a comprehensive genomic profiling analysis is needed.

Case report: Surgical management of vitreous obstruction following PreserFlo ® MicroShunt implantation.

Purpose: To describe a clinical case of lumen obstruction a few days after implantation of the PreserFlo® Microshunt which has been resolved by anterior vitrectomy.

Observation: A 76-year-old patient with advanced and progressing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) presented ten days after PreserFlo® Microshunt implantation in his left eye with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 24 mmHg because of vitreous obstruction. Anterior vitrectomy with 25 Gauge vitrector was performed to remove the vitreous using a bimanual technique with two corneal accesses.

Apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells activates an immunosuppressive secretome predicting clinical response in Crohn's disease.

In vivo apoptosis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) plays a critical role in delivering immunomodulation. Yet, caspase activity not only mediates the dying process but also death-independent functions that may shape the immunogenicity of apoptotic cells. Therefore, a better characterization of the immunological profile of apoptotic MSCs (ApoMSCs) could shed light on their mechanistic action and therapeutic applications.

Clinical Evaluation of an Instrument-Integrated OCT-Based Distance Sensor for Robotic Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of an instrument-integrated OCT (iiOCT)-based distance sensor during robotic vitreoretinal surgery using the Preceyes Surgical System (PSS; Preceyes B.V.).

FOXA1 regulates alternative splicing in prostate cancer.

Dysregulation of alternative splicing in prostate cancer is linked to transcriptional programs activated by AR, ERG, FOXA1, and MYC. Here, we show that FOXA1 functions as the primary orchestrator of alternative splicing dysregulation across 500 primary and metastatic prostate cancer transcriptomes. We demonstrate that FOXA1 binds to the regulatory regions of splicing-related genes, including HNRNPK and SRSF1.

Full-Thickness Macular Hole: Are Supra-RPE Granular Deposits Remnants of Photoreceptors Outer Segments? Clinical Implications.

Purpose: To describe the presence of specific morphological characteristics of idiopathic, full-thickness macular hole (MH) potentially influencing postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and surgical outcomes.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter and interventional case series.

Methods: Clinical charts and multimodal imaging pictures of 149 eyes of 143 consecutive patients diagnosed with MH, treated surgically and with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, were reviewed.

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses illuminate the ontology of HER2-low breast carcinomas.

Background: The "HER2-low" nomenclature identifies breast carcinomas (BCs) displaying a HER2 score of 1+/2+ in immunohistochemistry and lacking ERBB2 amplification. Whether HER2-low BCs (HLBCs) constitute a distinct entity is debated.

Methods: We performed DNA and RNA high-throughput analysis on 99 HLBC samples (n = 34 cases with HER2 score 1+/HLBC-1, n = 15 cases with HER2 score 2+ and ERBB2 not amplified/HLBC-2N, and n = 50 cases with score 2+ and ERBB2 copy number in the equivocal range/HLBC-2E).

MULTIMODAL IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES IN RIP HEALING.

Purpose: To report the imaging and functional features of the repair tissue following retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included patients with RPE tears secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and at least 12 months of follow-up. The following variables were analyzed: best-corrected visual acuity; retinal sensitivity using microperimetry; outer retinal layers status and RPE resurfacing on optical coherence tomography; fibrosis; autofluorescence signal recovery using blue-light and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Six Drivers to Face the XXI Century Challenges and Build the New Healthcare System: "La Salute in Movimento" Manifesto.

The aging of the population, the burden of chronic diseases, possible new pandemics are among the challenges for healthcare in the XXI century. To face them, technological innovations and the national recovery and resilience plan within the European Union can represent opportunities to implement changes and renovate the current healthcare system in Italy, in an effort to guarantee equal access to health services. Considering such scenario, a panel of Italian experts gathered in a multidisciplinary Think Tank to discuss possible design of concepts at the basis of a new healthcare system.

Collision of germline POLE and PMS2 variants in a young patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The onset of multiple and metachronous tumors in young patients induces to suspect the presence of genetic variants in genes associated with tumorigenesis. We describe here the unusual case of a 16-year-old patient who developed a synchronous bifocal colorectal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases. We provide high throughput molecular characterization with whole-exome sequencing (WES) and DNA targeted sequencing of different tumoral lesions and normal tissue samples that led to unveil a germline POLE mutation (p.

Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancers in the Precision Medicine Era.

Prostate cancer (PCa) therapy has been recently revolutionized by the approval of new therapeutic agents in the metastatic setting. However, the optimal therapeutic strategy in such patients should be individualized in the light of prognostic and predictive molecular factors, which have been recently studied: androgen receptor (AR) alterations, PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and tumor microenvironment (TME) modifications. In this review, we highlighted the clinical impact of prognostic and predictive molecular factors in PCa patients' outcomes, identifying biologically distinct subtypes.

Functional and anatomic changes between early postoperative recovery and long-term follow-up after combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane peeling.

Objective: To evaluate short- and long-term changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal layer thicknesses after combined epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular holes and symptomatic ERMs.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Participants: Patients with ERMs or with macular holes and ERMs treated with combined ERM and ILM peeling.