Vat-Mediated Mucus Penetration Enables Genotoxic Activity of .

Colibactin toxin-producing () strains are associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer in humans. These strains induce DNA damage when in close contact with the cells of the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelial mucosa is crucial for counteracting the effects of colibactin.

L-serine promotes pro-carcinogenic effects of colibactin-producing .

Colonic tissues are abnormally colonized by colibactin-producing (CoPEC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. CoPECs have been shown to promote colorectal carcinogenesis in several pre-clinical CRC mouse models. Here, we report that CoPEC reprograms the metabolism of colonic epithelial cells in a colibactin-dependent manner, leading to a Warburg-like effect, altered redox homeostasis, and disrupted amino acid metabolism.

Biochemical characterization of the surfaceome: a focus on type I fimbriae and flagella.

The surfaceome consists mainly of the large surface organelles expressed by the organism to navigate and interact with the surrounding environment. The current study focuses on type I fimbriae and flagella. These large polymeric surface organelles are composed of hundreds to thousands of subunits, with their large size often preventing them from being studied in their native form.

Increased levels of anti-Encephalitozoon intestinalis antibodies in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: The prevalence of microsporidiosis in the general population, or within specific groups of individuals/patients, is largely underestimated. The absence of specific seroprevalence tools limits knowledge of the epidemiology of these opportunistic pathogens, although known since the 1980s. Since microsporidia hijack the machinery of its host cell and certain species multiply within intestinal cells, a potential link between the parasite and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested.

Preclinical and clinical evidence of the association of colibactin-producing with anxiety and depression in colon cancer.

Background: The association between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. The gut microbiota contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC), as demonstrated with colibactin-producing (CoPEC).

Aim: To evaluate the association between CoPEC prevalence and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors with both preclinical and clinical approaches.

Evaluation of new predictive scores for sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a French cohort.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare in children, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is difficult to predict. Two prognostic scores - HCM Risk-Kids and Precision Medicine for Cardiomyopathy (PRIMaCY) - were developed to assess the risk of SCD in the next 5 years in children with HCM.

Aims: To test the ability of these scores to predict SCD in children with HCM.

Pasteurized improves irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms and related behavioral disorders in mice.

Gut - brain communications disorders in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, increased gut permeability, and psychosocial disturbances. Symptoms of IBS are difficult to medicate, and hence much research is being made into alternative approaches. This study assesses the potential of a treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila for alleviating IBS-like symptoms in two mouse models of IBS with different etiologies.

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 hinders colon tumorigenesis induced by colibactin-producing in mice.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are frequently colonized by colibactin-producing (CoPEC) (>40%), which enhances tumorigenesis in mouse models of CRC. We observed that 50% of CoPEC also contains the gene, which encodes cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1), an enhancer of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The impact of its co-occurrence with colibactin (Clb) has not yet been investigated.

Qualification and impact of a video-assisted control system in a chemotherapy compounding unit.

Objectives: Anticancer drug preparation control is essential to ensure quality and patient safety. Drugcam (Eurekam Company) is a digital video-assisted control system based on artificial intelligence methods to identify vials used and volumes withdrawn. As for any control system, qualification is required before use in a chemotherapy compounding unit (CCU).

Predictive factors associated with pemetrexed acute toxicity.

Purpose: Pemetrexed has shown efficacy as monotherapy or in combination with platinum salts in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. However, severe hematological toxicities induced by pemetrexed-based chemotherapy have been observed. Some studies have suggested that drug interactions may be associated with pemetrexed toxicity.

Impact of time to diagnosis on the occurrence of cardiogenic shock in MIS-C post-COVID-19 infection.

Background: In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), diagnostic delay could be associated with severity. This study aims to measure the time to diagnosis in MIS-C, assess its impact on the occurrence of cardiogenic shock, and specify its determinants.

Methods: A single-center prospective cohort observational study was conducted between May 2020 and July 2022 at a tertiary care hospital.

Probiotics/Synbiotics to Reduce Infectious Complications after Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Aim: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to assess to what extent probiotics/synbiotics reduce infectious complications after colorectal surgery and whether probiotics or synbiotics should be considered as perioperative measures preventing or reducing infectious complications after CRS and should be included in enhanced recovery programmes (ERP). Secondary aims were to answer practical questions precisely on the best formulation and the type and timing of probiotics or synbiotics in CRS.

Method: This systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Microangiopathy associated with gemcitabine: a drug interaction with nab-paclitaxel? A case series and literature review.

Purpose: Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel association can be used in first- or second-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we report five cases of supposed gemcitabine-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (G-TMA), four of them with nab-paclitaxel. We assumed that nab-paclitaxel could be responsible for a potential drug interaction with gemcitabine, increasing the risk of thrombotic microangiopathy occurrence.

AhR/IL-22 pathway as new target for the treatment of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.

Alterations in brain/gut/microbiota axis are linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) physiopathology. Upon gastrointestinal infection, chronic abdominal pain and anxio-depressive comorbidities may persist despite pathogen clearance leading to Post-Infectious IBS (PI-IBS). This study assesses the influence of tryptophan metabolism, and particularly the microbiota-induced AhR expression, on intestinal homeostasis disturbance following gastroenteritis resolution, and evaluates the efficacy of IL-22 cytokine vectorization on PI-IBS symptoms.

Gut Microbiota as Potential Biomarker and/or Therapeutic Target to Improve the Management of Cancer: Focus on Colibactin-Producing in Colorectal Cancer.

The gut microbiota is crucial for physiological development and immunological homeostasis. Alterations of this microbial community called dysbiosis, have been associated with cancers such colorectal cancers (CRC). The pro-carcinogenic potential of this dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated in the colon.

Fecal dysbiosis associated with colonic hypersensitivity and behavioral alterations in chronically Blastocystis-infected rats.

Background: Infectious gastroenteritis is a risk factor for the development of post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). Recent clinical studies reported a higher prevalence of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis in IBS patients. Using a rat model, we investigated the possible association between Blastocystis infection, colonic hypersensitivity (CHS), behavioral disturbances and gut microbiota changes.

Colibactin-positive Escherichia coli induce a procarcinogenic immune environment leading to immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer.

Colibactin-producing E. coli (CoPEC) are frequently detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) and exhibit procarcinogenic properties. Because increasing evidence show the role of immune environment and especially of antitumor T-cells in CRC development, we investigated the impact of CoPEC on these cells in human CRC and in the APC mice colon.

Autophagy of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Inhibits Colorectal Carcinogenesis Induced by Colibactin-Producing Escherichia coli in Apc Mice.

Background & Aims: Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli (CoPEC) colonize the colonic mucosa of a higher proportion of patients with vs without colorectal cancer (CRC) and promote colorectal carcinogenesis in susceptible mouse models of CRC. Autophagy degrades cytoplasmic contents, including intracellular pathogens, via lysosomes and regulates intestinal homeostasis. We investigated whether inhibiting autophagy affects colorectal carcinogenesis in susceptible mice infected with CoPEC.

Prognostic value of a combination of innovative factors (gut microbiota, sarcopenia, obesity, metabolic syndrome) to predict surgical/oncologic outcomes following surgery for sporadic colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study protocol (METABIOTE).

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still associated with poor prognosis, especially in patients with advanced disease. Development of new prognostic tools replacing or supplementing those routinely used is definitely needed, with the aim to optimise and personalise treatment strategies. Gut microbiota composition and body composition profile (obesity, sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome) have recently been reported separately as new relevant prognostic factors for postoperative surgical and oncologic outcomes following CRC surgery.

Nebulized hypertonic saline 3% for 1 versus 3 days in hospitalized bronchiolitis: a blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Background: The use and optimal duration of treatment with nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis is unclear. The objective was to compare the efficacy of 1 versus 3 days of nebulized 3% HS at 72 h of treatment. We conducted a blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial including infants aged less than 12 months old, hospitalized for a moderate bronchiolitis.

Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

Recently, preclinical and clinical studies targeting several types of cancer strongly supported the key role of the gut microbiota in the modulation of host response to anti-tumoral therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and even surgery. Intestinal microbiome has been shown to participate in the resistance to a wide range of anticancer treatments by direct interaction with the treatment or by indirectly stimulating host response through immunomodulation. Interestingly, these effects were described on colorectal cancer but also in other types of malignancies.

Targeting the Tetraspanins with Monoclonal Antibodies in Oncology: Focus on Tspan8/Co-029.

Tetraspanins are exposed at the surface of cellular membranes, which allows for the fixation of cognate antibodies. Developing specific antibodies in conjunction with genetic data would largely contribute to deciphering their biological behavior. In this short review, we summarize the main functions of Tspan8/Co-029 and its role in the biology of tumor cells.

Efficient and reproducible experimental infections of rats with Blastocystis spp.

Although Blastocystis spp. infect probably more than 1 billion people worldwide, their clinical significance is still controversial and their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this study, we describe a protocol for an efficient and reproducible model of chronic infection in rats, laying the groundwork for future work to evaluate the pathogenic potential of this parasite.