Elezanumab Accelerates Post-Injury Regeneration of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in a Methimazole-Induced Mouse Model.

Elezanumab accelerates olfactory sensory neuron regeneration in a methimazole-induced mouse model. Repulsive guidance molecule A blockade increases GAP43 and OMP cells dorsally while sparing basal cells. This approach offers a novel therapy for sensorineural olfactory disorder.

Effectiveness of Adding Metacognitive Training to Occupational Therapy in Patients With Schizophrenia Under Long-Term Hospitalization: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective This study investigated the effects of metacognitive training (MCT) on improving psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized for long periods. Methods The participants were long-term inpatients with schizophrenia, hospitalized in a private psychiatric hospital in Japan. Participants were randomly assigned to either the occupational therapy (OT)+MCT group or the OT-alone group.

Effect of Individualized Occupational Therapy on Rehospitalization Among Patients With Schizophrenia: A Two-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Schizophrenia is characterized by frequent rehospitalization. We developed an individualized occupational therapy (IOT) program to facilitate proactive participation in treatment and improve outcomes. We evaluated whether the addition of IOT to group occupational therapy (GOT) as usual care, compared to GOT alone, during hospitalization would lead to a reduction in the rehospitalization risk of schizophrenia.

Return-to-work support program outcomes for people on leave due to mood and stress-related disorders.

Background: Mood disorders and stress-related disorders are the two leading causes of long-term employee absenteeism and cause significant social losses. Therefore, strengthening the support systems is essential to help employees return to work.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of a return to work (RTW) rehabilitation program and to explore factors associated with RTW and continued employment.

Aging inhibits olfactory recovery from traumatic olfactory system injury.

Although recent advances in treatment of traumatic olfactory dysfunction, which had a low rate of improvement through treatment, have increased the improvement rate in younger patients, it remains low in middle-aged and older patients. Although olfactory function declines with age, its impact on traumatic dysfunction recovery remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aging on olfactory nerve regeneration and olfactory function recovery in an animal model of traumatic olfactory injury.

Rheumatoid arthritis development and survival in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies.

Background: Some patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the early phase of ACPA positivity, whereas others develop RA either in the late phase or not at all; however, the clinical factors that predict RA development and survival outcome in these patients remain unknown.

Methods: Retrospective clinical data from IIP patients without an RA diagnosis at the time of ACPA positivity were analysed. The chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score was calculated based on the extent of the lesions.

Effect of aerobic exercise versus cognitive remediation versus a combination of both on cognition among patients with schizophrenia: A three-arm, randomized controlled study.

Aerobic exercise (AE) and cognitive remediation (CR) have both shown promising effects on cognition in schizophrenia. However, the efficacy of combining these interventions has not been thoroughly evaluated. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the 3-month effects of AE, CR, and their combination on cognition and functioning in patients with schizophrenia.

Three Years of Progression-free after Biopsy of BRAF V600E-negative Ganglioglioma in the Adult Brainstem: A Case Report and the Literature Review.

Ganglioglioma, a glioneuronal neoplasm, typically presents in adolescents' temporal lobes. While pediatric brainstem gangliogliomas (BSGGs) are well documented, adult BSGGs are limited, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of their pathophysiology and prognosis. A 41-year-old woman who presented with dizziness and numbness in her right upper extremity and right face underwent radiological examination.

Preceding Antiphospholipid Syndrome before the Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting with Iliocaval Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are similar to be characterized by thromboembolic events and various clinical manifestations. We experienced a 21-year-old man with acute iliocaval deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Primary APS was initially diagnosed on the criteria, and after multidisciplinary treatment, iliocaval DVT was gradually regressed.

Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Cognition among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

In schizophrenia, cognition is closely linked to social competence and influences long-term prognosis. Thus, treatment should target cognitive improvement to enhance the patient's societal adaptation. This study evaluated the effects of computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy (CR) using RehaCom on cognition in patients with schizophrenia.

Effect of individualized occupational therapy on cognition among patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of individualized occupational therapy (IOT) plus group occupational therapy (GOT) as standard care for cognition compared to GOT alone, and to determine which IOT component has the greatest effect on cognitive outcome in patients with schizophrenia. This study was conducted at 14 clinical sites across Japan and enrolled recently hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. The IOT consisted of motivational interview, self-monitoring, individualized visits, craft activities, individualized psychoeducation, and discharge planning.

Pulmonary function and chest CT abnormalities 3 months after discharge from COVID-19, 2020-2021: A nation-wide multicenter prospective cohort study from the Japanese respiratory society.

Background: No comprehensive analysis of the pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan based on respiratory function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) has been reported. We evaluated post-COVID-19 conditions, especially focusing on pulmonary sequelae assessed by pulmonary function tests and chest CT.

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 1069 patients who presented pneumonia at the time of admission in 55 hospitals from February 2020 to September 2021.

Delayed immune-related adverse events in long-responders of immunotherapy: a single-center experience.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The spectrum of irAEs and their managements has been partially clarified, however the knowledge on time-course of irAEs is not well understood.

Methods: A retrospective study based on the medical record was performed.

Usefulness of endoscopic endonasal underwater surgery using a combination of coblation and a lens-cleaning system for hemostasis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hemostatic procedures for controlling nasal bleeding in refractory diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can be challenging. In this report, we present a novel technique for underwater endoscopic endonasal hemostatic surgery, which was performed on a 69-year-old man with HHT. The patient had been experiencing frequent episodes of nasal bleeding and had many telangiectasias in the nasal cavity, which were the cause of the bleeding.

Impairment of Social-Related Quality of Life in COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) pose a threat to patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Here, the impact of COVID-19 on HRQOL and the clinical factors associated with impaired HRQOL were examined. Discharged COVID-19 patients were assessed at 3 and 6 months after disease onset.

A comparison of the incidence of ≥ grade 2 radiation pneumonitis between intensity-modulated radiotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer treated with durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been increasingly used as a new radiation modality for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) during consolidation durvalumab following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using IMRT have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical record data from consecutive patients diagnosed with NSCLC who underwent CCRT and consolidation durvalumab at our institution between April 2018 and September 2022.

Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and a prominent T2 endotype.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogenous and multifactorial disease, characterized by persistent inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which causes nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, and smell disturbance. Chronic rhinosinusitis is divided into two phenotypes: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp. Nasal polyps can be associated with many inflammatory cells including eosinophil cells, neutrophil cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes.

Efficacy of tokishakuyakusan and mecobalamin on post-infectious olfactory dysfunction: A prospective multicenter study.

Objective: To determine if tokishakuyakusan (TSS) is effective for treating post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) compared with vitamin B (mecobalamin).

Methods: We conducted a randomized, nonblinded clinical trial. Patients with PIOD enrolled in 17 hospitals and clinics from 2016 to 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, and we administered TSS or mecobalamin for 24 weeks.

Relationship between Corticospinal Excitability While Gazing at the Mirror and Motor Imagery Ability.

Mirror therapy (MT) helps stroke survivors recover motor function. Previous studies have reported that an individual's motor imagery ability is related to the areas of brain activity during motor imagery and the effectiveness of motor imagery training. However, the relationship between MT and motor imagery ability and between corticospinal tract excitability during mirror gazing, an important component of MT, and motor imagery ability is unclear.

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Persistent Sciatic Artery Presenting with Acute Limb Ischemia.

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare congenital peripheral artery disorder that is usually detected incidentally on computed tomographic examination. PSA can also cause iliac aneurysm and acute thromboembolism, which are potentially associated with rest pain, claudication, and limb-threatening ischemia. Patients with PSA and leg ischemia should be treated with revascularization and appropriate management of PSA aneurysm.

Effect of individualized occupational therapy on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of adding individualized occupational therapy (IOT) to a three-months group occupational therapy (GOT) on social functioning in inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at a follow-up investigation five-years after discharge. Initially, patients were randomly assigned to GOT + IOT or GOT alone, with 102 patients, 48 in GOT + IOT and 54 in GOT alone, completing the five years follow-up. The primary outcome was change in social functioning assessed by the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) from baseline to five-year follow-up.

Outcomes of an interdisciplinary return to work intervention including occupational therapy for mood and adjustment disorders: A single-arm clinical trial.

Background: Mood and adjustment disorders are two major causes of long-term sick leave among employees, leading to large social losses. Therefore, a return to work (RTW) intervention was attempted, targeting patients with mood and adjustment disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of an interdisciplinary RTW intervention including occupational therapy implemented within the Japanese healthcare framework.