Kappa Free Light Chain Index in the Real World-Do We Miss Clinically Relevant Information by Skipping Oligoclonal Banding?

Background: No standardized strategy for integrating κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index into routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics has yet been established.

Objective: To determine agreement between κ-FLC index and CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB), and to identify κ-FLC index range where second-line OCB testing is needed.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients who had κ-FLC measurement between December 2023 and December 2024 at the Medical University of Innsbruck.

Kappa Free Light Chain Index and Oligoclonal Bands in Varicella Zoster Virus Infection and Neuroborreliosis: A Matter of Timing?

Background: The diagnosis of Varicella-zoster virus related neurological disease (VZD) and Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is based on clinical presentation as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic utility of oligoclonal bands (OCB) and the κ-free light chain (FLC) index in patients with VZD and LNB.

Methods: Patients with the diagnosis of VZD or LNB at the Department of Neurology of the Medical University of Innsbruck between 2008 to 2020 were included.

Kappa free light chain index predicts long-term disease activity and disability accrual in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The prognostic value of κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index over the long term is unknown.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine whether κ-FLC index determined at disease onset predicts relapse activity and disability accrual during long-term follow-up.

Methods: Patients with a first demyelinating event of the central nervous system who had cerebrospinal fluid and serum sampling were eligible for inclusion.

Effect of long-term frozen storage on stability of kappa free light chain index.

Objectives: To investigate whether frozen storage duration influences κ-FLC index.

Methods: CSF and serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis collected for routine diagnostic purposes had been stored at -20 °C. κ-FLC and albumin concentrations were measured at two different timepoints, i.

Short-Term Risk Factors for Bone Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Study and Literature Review.

Background: Reduced bone mass and increased osteoporosis risk are common in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for short-term bone loss in MS.

Methods: This prospective study included 139 pwMS (ages 18-65).

Impact of renal function impairment on kappa free light chain index.

Objectives: To investigate whether renal function impacts CSF κ-FLC concentration and/or κ-FLC index.

Methods: Patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were eligible. κ-FLC index was calculated as (CSF κ-FLC/serum κ-FLC)/albumin quotient.

Reactive Pleocytosis After Repeated Lumbar Puncture-Implications for Clinical Practice.

Introduction: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a routine clinical procedure and, in some cases, is repeatedly performed for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The impact of repeated LP on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings is not clear.

Objective: To investigate whether repeated LP is associated with reactive pleocytosis and disruption of blood-CSF barrier function and to determine the role of interval between repeated LP.