Survival, Years of Life Lost and Attrition Rates in Multiple Myeloma Patients in France.

Background: In a context of strong evolution of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment paradigm, real-world data allow a better understandingthe patients' medical needs.

Methods: The present analyses from the MYLORD study were designed to provide recent data on MM patients: characteristics, overall survival (OS), years of life lost (YLL) and attrition rates, using the French National Health Insurance Database (SNDS). It is based on a cohort of 33,032 MM patients who initiated a frontline therapy from 2014 to 2021 in France and who were followed until 2021.

Correction: Explaining predictive factors in patient pathways using autoencoders.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Identification of profiles associated with conversions between the Alzheimer's disease stages, using a machine learning approach.

Background: The identification of factors involved in the conversion across the different Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages is crucial to prevent or slow the disease progression. We aimed to assess the factors and their combination associated with the conversion across the AD stages, from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, at a mild, moderate or severe stage and to identify profiles associated with earliest/latest conversion across the AD stages.

Methods: In this study conducted on the real-life MEMORA cohort data collected from January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019, three cohorts were selected depending on the baseline neurocognitive stage from a consecutive sample of patients attending a memory center, aged between 50 and 90 years old, with a diagnosis of AD during the follow-up, and with at least 2 visits at 6 months to 1 year of interval.

Innovative Approach for a Typology of Treatment Sequences in Early Stage HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Trastuzumab in the French National Hospital Database.

Background: Our objective was to describe the hospital-based systemic treatment sequences in early stage HER2+ breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab in France in 2016.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on the national hospital discharge database (PMSI). Patients hospitalized for breast cancer in 2016 and administration of trastuzumab between 6 months prior and 1 year after surgery were included.

Explaining predictive factors in patient pathways using autoencoders.

This paper introduces an end-to-end methodology to predict a pathway-related outcome and identifying predictive factors using autoencoders. A formal description of autoencoders for explainable binary predictions is presented, along with two objective functions that allows for filtering and inverting negative examples during training. A methodology to model and transform complex medical event logs is also proposed, which keeps the pathway information in terms of events and time, as well as the hierarchy information carried in medical codes.

Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Treatment Sequences Typology in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Long-Term Survivors Treated With Nivolumab.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors substantially changed advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) management and can lead to long-term survival. The aims of this study were (1) to use a machine learning method to establish a typology of treatment sequences on patients with aNSCLC who were alive 2 years after initiating a treatment with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and (2) to describe the patients' characteristics according to the typology of treatment sequences.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on data from the comprehensive French hospital discharge database for all patients with lung cancer with at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy, starting nivolumab between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, and alive 2 years after nivolumab treatment initiation.

Costs and mortality associated with HIV: a machine learning analysis of the French national health insurance database.

Background: The objective is to characterise the economic burden to the healthcare system of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in France and to help decision makers in identifying risk factors associated with high-cost and high mortality profiles.

Design And Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of PLWHIV identified in the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS). All PLWHIV present in the database in 2013 were identified.

"Bow-tie" optimal pathway discovery analysis of sepsis hospital admissions using the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England.

Objective: The "Bow-tie" optimal pathway discovery analysis uses large clinical event datasets to map clinical pathways and to visualize risks (improvement opportunities) before, and outcomes after, a specific clinical event. This proof-of-concept study assesses the use of NHS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England as a potential clinical event dataset for this pathway discovery analysis approach.

Materials And Methods: A metaheuristic optimization algorithm was used to perform the "bow-tie" analysis on HES event log data for sepsis (ICD-10 A40/A41) in 2016.

Automatic and Explainable Labeling of Medical Event Logs With Autoencoding.

Process mining is a suitable method for knowledge extraction from patient pathways. Structured in event logs, medical events are complex, often described using various medical codes. An efficient labeling of these events before applying process mining analysis is challenging.

Factors Associated With Aggressiveness of End-of-Life Care for Lung Cancer Patients and Associated Costs of Care.

Background: Results of previous studies demonstrated that high-intensity end-of-life (EOL) care improves neither cancer patients' survival nor quality of life. Our objective was to assess the incidence of and factors associated with aggressiveness of care during the last 30 days of life (DOL) of lung cancer (LC) patients and the impacts of aggressiveness of care in EOL-care costs.

Patients And Methods: Using French national hospital database, all patients with LC who died between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, or between January 1, 2015, and January 31, 2016, were included.

Cost-of-illness of inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor: A French large single-centre experience.

Background: No study has evaluated the direct annual costs of inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify annual direct costs and main cost drivers of anti-tumour necrosis factor-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Methods: All inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab at Nancy University Hospital were consecutively screened for inclusion from November 2016-February 2017.

Effects of Moderate Hyperbilirubinemia on Nutritive Swallowing and Swallowing-Breathing Coordination in Preterm Lambs.

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia (HB) occurs in 90% of preterm newborns. HB induces acute neurological disorders (somnolence, abnormal tone, feeding difficulties, auditory dysfunction) and alterations in respiratory control. These findings suggest brainstem neurotoxicity that could also affect swallowing centers.