Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana).

The basic forms of motor and possibly emotion replication include behavioral contagion and rapid motor mimicry (RMM). RMM-mainly demonstrated during play-occurs when an individual perceives and rapidly (< 1 s) replicates the exact motor sequence of another individual. We collected data on an African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana; N = 15) group housed at the Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabárceno (Spain) on play target movements of both trunk and head.

Pregnancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review.

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) peaks in the fertile age of both women and men. There is a significant lack of knowledge regarding disease-specific aspects of guiding IBD patients through conception, pregnancy, and delivery in clinical routine.

Summary: Patients with IBD often remain voluntarily childless, primarily due to a lack of knowledge.

Social play in African savannah elephants may inform selection against aggression.

In social groups, competition for individual advantage is balanced with cooperation, for the collective benefit. Selection against aggression has favored cooperation and non-aggressive competitive strategies. Because social play is a behavioral system that fluctuates between cooperation and competition, selection against aggression might have especially influenced this behavior.

Play contagion in African elephants: The closest, the better.

Behavioural contagion is an automatic process through which a behaviour performed by an individual (trigger) is reproduced by an observer (responder) without necessarily replicating the exact motor sequence. It has been linked to inter-individual synchronisation and possibly emotional contagion. Play can convey emotions and enhance social bonding, although its contagiousness is understudied.

Symptoms and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Experience of a University Medical Center.

Background: The pandemic situation of the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) and its associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) represents a challenging condition with a plethora of aspects. The course of COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatic diseases (RD) is not well known. Our study is one step toward closing this gap by collecting data on vaccination rates, infection-free survival, and individual symptom severity.

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Liver Abscess Syndrome - A Challenge for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.

Invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS) is caused by strains of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and has emerged as the leading cause of liver abscesses in immuno-competent patients (L.K. Siu et al.

[Ablative treatment options for locally advanced unresectable and borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma].

Background: Locally advanced unresectable (nonmetastatic) and borderline resectable pancreatic carcinomas represent a therapeutic challenge. Several minimally invasive local ablative techniques are available for local treatment in these situations.

Objective: Which interventional techniques and application options are currently available for pancreatic carcinoma and which oncological results could be achieved so far?

Material And Methods: An analysis of reviews and studies was carried out.

A generic bio-economic farm model for environmental and economic assessment of agricultural systems.

Bio-economic farm models are tools to evaluate ex-post or to assess ex-ante the impact of policy and technology change on agriculture, economics and environment. Recently, various BEFMs have been developed, often for one purpose or location, but hardly any of these models are re-used later for other purposes or locations. The Farm System Simulator (FSSIM) provides a generic framework enabling the application of BEFMs under various situations and for different purposes (generating supply response functions and detailed regional or farm type assessments).

Alpha-tocopherol amplifies phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1177 and its short-chain derivative trolox stabilizes tetrahydrobiopterin.

Alpha-tocopherol has been shown to increase nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully characterized. The present study investigates the effect of alpha-tocopherol and its derivative trolox on the synthesis of NO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. NO was assayed as citrulline (co-product of NO) and cGMP (product of the NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase) on ionomycin stimulation of cells.