IDAC-BioDose, a complete biokinetic and dosimetric software tool designed for diagnostic nuclear medicine and built on the ICRP computational framework.

Internal dosimetry of diagnostic nuclear medicine requires biokinetic and anatomical models to estimate the radiation exposure from a radiopharmaceutical. Biokinetic models predict the uptake, turnover, and retention of the radionuclide in organs and tissues, while anatomical models estimate energy absorption from decay using computational phantoms. To make more accurate predictions of biokinetic transfer, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has introduced a new compartmental framework, based on a systemic blood model, which can be used to estimate the transfer of the administered radionuclides between organs and tissues.

Age- and sex-specific cancer risk predictions for some important radionuclides in a Swedish population-use of the updated ORNL computation method for chronic exposure.

Radiation dosimetry and cancer risk estimations are central to virtually all radiation safety applications, optimization, and research. These estimates relate to various exposure situations including planned, existing, and emergency situations. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed a new methodology to handle the dosimetry of an acute/single intake of radionuclides.

Role of Defects in Atom Probe Analysis of Sol-Gel Silica.

Silicon dioxide is a suitable material to encapsulate proteins at room temperature so that they can be analyzed at the atomic level using laser-assisted atom probe tomography (La-APT). To achieve this goal, in this study we show that UV and deep-UV lasers can achieve a high success rate in La-APT of silica in terms of chemical resolution and three-dimensional image volume, with both lasers providing comparable results. Since the La-APT analyses are driven by photon absorption, in order to understand the mechanisms behind the enhanced absorption of UV light, we performed density functional theory calculations to model the electronic and optical properties of amorphous silica matrices generated using a Monte Carlo approach to structural optimization.

Highly Expressed Odorant Receptor Orthologs Detect the Aggregation Pheromone Lineatin in Trypodendron Ambrosia Beetles.

Chemical communication using pheromones is crucial for the reproductive success of many insect species, including beetles (Coleoptera). Pheromones are detected by specialised odorant receptors (ORs), called pheromone receptors (PRs), in the sensory neurons of the antennae. The PRs in Coleoptera remain understudied, with only a few receptors being functionally characterised.

Impact of post-hepatectomy liver failure on recurrence following major hepatectomy for colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Limited research exists on whether post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) impacts recurrence following major hepatectomy for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). This retrospective study aims to explore this further.

Methods: Data from patients who underwent major hepatectomy for CRLM at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, between 2012 and 2020 was analyzed.

Capillary-pressure saturation relation derived from the pore morphology method.

A computationally efficient method to calculate the capillary pressure-saturation relations of immiscible multiphase flow on two-dimensional pore morphologies is presented. The method is an extension of the porous morphology method that includes the wetting angle and trapped mechanism of the displaced fluid, and calculation of material properties using density functional theory. After the method was validated with microchip fluid injection experiments, it was used to relate pore morphology to the capillary pressure-saturation relation using square-lattice pore morphologies.

Exposure to vehicle traffic in childhood and lung function in young adulthood-a prospective cohort study in an area with low traffic-flows.

Background: Exposure to high levels of vehicle traffic during childhood seems to have a negative effect on lung function. Less is known about the effects of exposure to relatively low levels during childhood. We aimed to study how exposure to vehicle traffic in childhood is associated with lung function and asthma in young adulthood in a 10-year follow-up of a population-based cohort in a municipality with relatively low levels of vehicle traffic.

IDAC-Dose 2.2, an internal dosimetry software for diagnostic nuclear medicine based on the latest ICRP adult and paediatric reference computational phantoms.

Background: For patients investigated with radiopharmaceuticals, it is important to be able to perform valid calculations of the absorbed dose in organs and tissues. An internal dosimetry computer program, IDAC-Dose2.1, has been updated to be based on the ICRP specific absorbed fractions and computational framework of internal dose assessment for 12 adult and paediatric reference individuals given in ICRP Publication 133 and 155.

Oxidation of a ZrN knee implant coating under in-vitro wear simulation.

Before knee implants are used in clinical applications, in-vitro wear simulation is essential for predicting their reliability and longevity. This study investigated the representativeness of in-vitro wear simulation concerning oxide formation on a ZrN multilayer-coated knee implant. Four different locations on one in-vitro tested sample were analyzed using scanning (transmission) electron microscopy (SEM/TEM).

Deciphering Zn(II)-Carboxylic Acid Interactions: Tailoring Oil/Water Interfaces and Surfactant Efficiency.

This study elucidates the synergistic interactions between dodecanoic acid (C12) and zinc ions (Zn) at oil/water interfaces, a critical phenomenon for understanding the intricate dynamics of surfactant systems. Interfacial tension (IFT) measurements, performed via pendant drop tensiometry, reveal that the pronounced affinity of C12 for the oil/water interface causes an approximate 35% reduction in the IFT (from 50 to about 32 mN/m). However, introducing Zn ions with C12 created an IFT decrease to approximately 22 mN/m, representing an overall reduction of nearly 55%, indicative of their interactions that substantially enhance interfacial adsorption and promote molecular ordering.

Vitamin B and Micellar Solution Enable Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides and Aziridines with Electrophilic Olefins.

Vitamin B, a water-soluble cobalt complex, is inherently predisposed to catalyze reactions under aqueous conditions. Despite its potential, adopting this strategy for transformations of hydrophobic reagents has been challenging, because of their low aqueous solubility. Here, we demonstrate that vitamin B promotes the reaction of epoxides and aziridines with electrophilic olefins in a micellar system.

Transition Metal Ions in Solution: Complexed Ion Speciation at the Air-Liquid Interface.

We have studied the interfacial properties of Zn vs selected transition metal cations such as Fe, Cu, and Cr in a water-ethanol mixture using field-induced droplet ionization. This was in particular inspired by the specific surface activity of Zn that has been observed on several occasions and a desire to clarify the root cause for this behavior. We have found that Zn, due to its unique electronic configuration and atomic size, is the only ion of those under study that gives rise to specific speciation at the air-liquid interface with three ethanol molecules attached to the central atom for optimal polarity.

Eurasian spruce bark beetle detects lanierone using a highly expressed specialist odorant receptor, present in several functional sensillum types.

Background: Insects detect odours using odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the antennae. Ecologically important odours are often detected by selective and abundant OSNs; hence, ORs with high antennal expression. However, little is known about the function of highly expressed ORs in beetles, since few ORs have been functionally characterized.

Oxidation of a zirconium nitride multilayer-covered knee implant after two years in clinical use.

The surface composition and microstructure of an up to 5 µm thick multilayer on a knee implant were investigated. When the implant was explanted after approximately two years of clinical use due to failure from aseptic loosening, the topmost ZrN layer was found to be oxidized. Interestingly, only the non-articulating area was visibly oxidized (color change).

Photothermal Properties of Solid-Supported Gold Nanorods.

Gold nanoparticles possess unique photothermal properties and have gained considerable interest in biomedical research, particularly for photothermal therapy (PTT). This study focuses on evaluating the photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) supported on glass substrates upon excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light. Two aspect ratios of AuNRs were electrostatically immobilized onto glass with controlled coverage.

Few chemoreceptor genes in the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum may reflect its specialized ecology.

Background: Chemoreception is crucial for insect fitness, underlying for instance food-, host-, and mate finding. Chemicals in the environment are detected by receptors from three divergent gene families: odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs). However, how the chemoreceptor gene families evolve in parallel with ecological specializations remains poorly understood, especially in the order Coleoptera.

Aqueous Micellar Environment Impacts the Co-Catalyzed Phototransformation: A Case Study.

In recent years, methodologies that rely on water as the reaction medium have gained considerable attention. The unique properties of micellar solutions were shown to improve the regio-, stereo-, and chemoselectivity of different transformations. Herein, we demonstrate that the aqueous environment is a suitable medium for a visible light driven cobalt-catalyzed reaction involving radical species.

Occupational particle exposure and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in Swedish construction workers.

Objectives: Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that particle exposure is an environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a few case-control studies have investigated this association in an occupational setting. Hence, our objective was to investigate associations between particle exposure and CKD in a large cohort of Swedish construction workers.

Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Antimicrobial Hydrogels Utilizing Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are viewed as potential compounds for the treatment of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the successful translation of AMPs into clinical applications has been impeded primarily due to their low stability in biological environments and potential toxicological concerns at higher concentrations. The covalent attachment of AMPs to a material's surface has been sought to improve their stability.

Evaluation of heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris of Pine Weevil TRPA1 by GFP and flow cytometry.

Background: The wasabi receptor, also known as the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel, is a potential target for development of repellents for insects, like the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) feeding on conifer seedlings and causing damage in forestry. Heterologous expression of TRPA1 from pine weevil in the yeast Pichia pastoris can potentially provide protein for structural and functional studies. Here we take advantage of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tag to examine the various steps of heterologous expression, to get more insight in clone selection, expression and isolation of the intact purified protein.