The phenotypic spectrum of epilepsy associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia.

Background: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a congenital brain malformation often associated with seizures. We aimed to clarify the spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes in PVNH and the significance of specific brain malformation patterns.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we recruited people with PVNH and a history of seizures, and collected data via medical record review and a standardized questionnaire.