Adjunctive methylene blue-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the re-instrumentation of residual periodontal pockets in individuals with down syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a single session antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) protocol in the re-instrumentation of residual periodontal pockets in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS).

Methods: 30 individuals with DS and stages I-III grade B periodontitis were allocated into the following groups: SI (n = 17): subgingival instrumentation (SI) in a single session; SI+aPDT (n = 17): SI in single session in residual pockets with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing (BoP), methylene blue irrigation (100 µg/ml) after 60 s, and diode laser irradiation at 100 mW for 50 s. Periodontal clinical parameters PD, BoP, clinical attachment level (CAL) and immunological analysis interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8 were evaluated at baseline and on 60 and 90 days.

Effect of Butyl Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Periodontal Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the photodynamic effect of butyl toluidine blue (BuTB) as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of residual periodontal pockets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Methods: This randomized clinical study comprised 42 DM2 patients with residual periodontal pockets, defined as probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP). Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups: Subgingival instrumentation (SI): SI performed in a single session; and SI + antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT): SI in a single session, followed by pocket irrigation with BuTB and irradiation with a 660 nm diode laser at 100 mW for 50s.

Standard complete blood count to predict long-term outcomes in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): A multicenter study.

Objective: We investigated whether complete blood count (CBC) analyses during intensive care unit stay could predict 12-month outcomes in patients with cryptogenic febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), a subset of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Methods: Outcomes at 12 months were classified as "unfavorable" (Glasgow Outcome Score [GOS] 1-3) or "favorable" (GOS 4-5). Demographic, clinical, and serial CBC data were collected across treatment phases: (1) no immunotherapy (before initiation or no treatment), (2) first-line immunotherapy, and (3) second-line immunotherapy.

Automated and interoperable methods for generalizable development of clinical machine-learning models for predicting neuromorbidity in critically ill children.

Objectives: To streamline the development of clinical machine learning (ML) models for predicting acute neurological morbidity in critically ill children by extending our prior work to create a standardized, reproducible, and scalable workflow leveraging Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), cloud infrastructure, and automated ML tools.

Methods: We developed workflow for extracting, cleaning, and modeling pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) data, using 168 biomarkers from 7,403 encounters at an academic Children's hospital between 2020 and 2024. Data were processed and stored in a compliant, secure cloud environment.

Phase 1 study of ABI-009 (nab-rapamycin) for surgically refractory epilepsy (RaSuRE).

Objective: Seizures that are refractory to medical and surgical therapy increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in children with epilepsy. Novel therapeutic trials for this population remain sparse and suboptimal. This Phase 1 study evaluates the (1) safety, tolerability, and (2) preliminary efficacy of ABI-009 (nab-rapamycin) in children with medically and surgically refractory epilepsy.

Amyloid-β disrupts APP-regulated protein aggregation and dissociation from recycling endosomal membranes.

Secretory proteins aggregate into non-soluble dense-core granules in recycling endosome-like compartments prior to regulated release. By contrast, aberrantly processed, secreted amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) form pathological extracellular amyloidogenic aggregations in late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). By examining living Drosophila prostate-like secondary cells, we show that both APP and Aβ peptides affect normal biogenesis of dense-core granules.

Photosensitizers as potential culprits for compensatory benefits of aPDT in the treatment of peri-implantitis: Unraveling the fundamental knowledge and bounded clinical applications of the aPDT.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by a dysbiotic biofilm on dental implants, leading to bone loss and potential implant failure. Although nonsurgical and surgical treatments can reduce the inflammatory process, the high prevalence of peri-implantitis suggests that these interventions are not always effective in arresting disease progression. This has prompted increased interest in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) activated by light to target bacterial infections.

Time to treatment in pediatric patients with repeated episodes of status epilepticus.

Objective: To compare pediatric patients who presented with repeated status epilepticus episodes to patients with a single episode of status epilepticus and identify distinguishing clinical factors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter, prospective observational cohort of pediatric patients with status epilepticus between 2011 and 2019.

Results: Out of 504 status epilepticus episodes in 420 patients, 50 patients (10.

Patients with status epilepticus and new-onset refractory status epilepticus display drastically altered fecal microbiomes compared to chronic epilepsy patients.

Objective: New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) occurs in people without pre-existing epilepsy or a rapidly identified structural, toxic, metabolic, or other cause. NORSE is a rare disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates and limited evidence for effective therapies. We aimed to assess whether the gut microbiome of NORSE and status epilepticus (SE) differs from that of chronic epilepsy, whether NORSE differs from SE at different disease time points, and to examine the correlations between specific gut microbiota and cytokines in NORSE and SE.

Identification of Distinct Biological Groups of Patients With Cryptogenic NORSE via Inflammatory Profiling.

Background And Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that immune dysregulation plays a pivotal role in triggering cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus (c-NORSE), prompting a consensus on early initiation of immunotherapy. However, despite similar timing of administration, responses to immunotherapies have been varied and unpredictable, suggesting the presence of heterogeneous underlying mechanisms The aim of this study was to identify distinct inflammatory response subtypes in patients with c-NORSE by analyzing their cytokine profiles. Insights into underlying mechanisms were sought to understand the pathophysiology and guide personalized therapies to improve patient outcomes.

Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation in Children.

Managing acute brain injury involves protecting the brain from secondary injury by addressing the mismatch between metabolic demand and cerebral perfusion. Observational studies have associated impaired cerebral autoregulation, a physiological process governing the regulation of cerebral blood flow, with unfavorable neurological outcomes in both pediatric and adult populations. We review the pathophysiology of cerebral autoregulation and discuss methods for assessing and monitoring it in children after acquired brain injury.

Shedding Light on the Therapeutic Efficiency of Oxygen-Releasing Gel and Photodynamic Therapy as Adjuvants in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis.

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of oxygen-releasing gel (Blue®M [BM]) alone or associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), after scaling and root planing (SRP), as adjuvants during the treatment of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP). For this aim, Wistar rats underwent EP by placing a cotton ligature around the lower first molar. Ligatures were maintained for 7 days and were subsequently removed.

Interoperable Models for Identifying Critically Ill Children at Risk of Neurologic Morbidity.

Importance: Decreasing mortality in the field of pediatric critical care medicine has shifted practicing clinicians' attention to preserving patients' neurodevelopmental potential as a main objective. Earlier identification of critically ill children at risk for incurring neurologic morbidity would facilitate heightened surveillance that could lead to timelier clinical detection, earlier interventions, and preserved neurodevelopmental trajectory.

Objectives: To develop machine-learning models for identifying acquired neurologic morbidity in hospitalized pediatric patients with critical illness and assess correlation with contemporary serum-based, brain injury-derived biomarkers.

Lack of association of first and second-line medication dosing and progression to refractory status epilepticus in children.

Purpose: Evaluate the relationship between first and second-line medication dosing and progression to refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from September 2014 to February 2020 of children with status epilepticus (SE) who received at least two antiseizure medications (ASMs). We evaluated the risk of developing RSE after receiving a low total benzodiazepine dose (lower than 100 % of the minimum recommended dose for each benzodiazepine dose administered within 10 min) and a low first non-benzodiazepine ASM dose (lower than 100 % of the minimum recommended dose of non-benzodiazepine ASM given as the first single-dose) using a logistic regression model, adjusting for confounders such as time to ASMs.

Development, External Validation, and Biomolecular Corroboration of Interoperable Models for Identifying Critically Ill Children at Risk of Neurologic Morbidity.

Importance: Declining mortality in the field of pediatric critical care medicine has shifted practicing clinicians' attention to preserving patients' neurodevelopmental potential as a main objective. Earlier identification of critically ill children at risk for incurring neurologic morbidity would facilitate heightened surveillance that could lead to timelier clinical detection, earlier interventions, and preserved neurodevelopmental trajectory.

Objective: Develop machine-learning models for identifying acquired neurologic morbidity while hospitalized with critical illness and assess correlation with contemporary serum-based, brain injury-derived biomarkers.

Corrigendum: Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.

Establishing normal Lindegaard Ratio in healthy children 10-16 years of age.

Purpose: Transcranial doppler based diagnostic criteria for cerebral vasospasm are not well established in the pediatric population because there is no published normative data to support the diagnosis. Studies have relied on expert consensus, but the definitions have not been validated in children diagnosed with angiographic evidence of vasospasm. Obtaining normative data is a prerequisite to defining pediatric cerebral vasospasm and the Lindegaard Ratio (LR).

Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Introduction: Hospitalized children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related conditions are at risk for new or persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Our objective was to analyze post-hospital symptoms, healthcare utilization, and outcomes of children previously hospitalized and diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Methods: Prospective, multicenter electronic survey of parents of children <18 years of age surviving hospitalization from 12 U.

Association of active oxygen-releasing gel and photodynamic therapy in the treatment of residual periodontal pockets in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled clinical study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active oxygen-releasing gel as an adjuvant, with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in the treatment of residual pockets in periodontal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Methods: Patients with residual pockets with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were divided into the following groups: SI (n = 17)-subgingival instrumentation in a single session; BM (n = 17)-SI followed by local application of active oxygen-releasing gel inside the periodontal pocket for 3 min; BM + aPDT (n = 17)-SI followed by application of BM for 3 min and pocket irrigation with methylene blue, and 660-nm diode laser irradiation at 100 mW for 50 s. The periodontal clinical parameters, serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, and immunological analysis of crevicular fluid were evaluated.

Photosensitised versus conventional infection control: the local fight continues.

The worsening problem of antimicrobial drug resistance requires a nuanced approach. Since the conventional drug pipeline is unlikely to be sufficient to avoid massive increases in mortality by the mid-twenty-first century, other methods of antisepsis will be required. These might be used either in place of (allowing conservation) or together with conventional agents.

A Rab6 to Rab11 transition is required for dense-core granule and exosome biogenesis in Drosophila secondary cells.

Secretory cells in glands and the nervous system frequently package and store proteins destined for regulated secretion in dense-core granules (DCGs), which disperse when released from the cell surface. Despite the relevance of this dynamic process to diseases such as diabetes and human neurodegenerative disorders, our mechanistic understanding is relatively limited, because of the lack of good cell models to follow the nanoscale events involved. Here, we employ the prostate-like secondary cells (SCs) of the Drosophila male accessory gland to dissect the cell biology and genetics of DCG biogenesis.