Social determination in the health of children born preterm: a scoping review.

to map scientific knowledge on the dimensions of the Social Determinants of Health in the health of children born preterm in the first two years of life. this is a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. From the studies found in five databases and the reference list of those selected, data was extracted using a coding tool based on the Social Determinants of Health theoretical model with the support of the MaxQDA software.

Cardiotonic Steroids as a Potential Novel Approach for Immunomodulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that significantly impairs the quality of life of millions of individuals. The pathogenesis of IBD is closely linked to dysbiosis of microbiota and the activation of various inflammatory pathways, which are characterized by elevated levels of activated immune cells, such as neutrophils and lymphocytes. While several therapeutic options, including corticosteroids and biologic agents, are available for the treatment of IBD, their efficacy remains limited.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Challenges in Early Recognition and Diagnosis of a Rare Hereditary Disorder.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is an uncommon endocrine condition marked by an impaired response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), which results in biochemical abnormalities. Clinical manifestations can vary significantly, occasionally resembling other endocrine disorders. Genetic testing plays a critical role in distinguishing PHP from other conditions, as it enables precise diagnosis even when classical features are not initially present.

Human identification through smile photographs: Comparison of two methods based on selfies.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two human identification methods based on selfies. The maxillary teeth of five adults were three-dimensionally acquired via intraoral scanning-being the simulated postmortem (PM) records. To simulate antemortem (AM) records, the five individuals took selfies of their smile.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation in the jaws: a systematic review.

Purpose: The bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (bpop) is a rare lesion that affects long tubular bones of the feet and hands. Since these lesions are even rarer in the jaws, this systematic review aimed to summarize the up-to-date scientific evidence that can guide health professionals on the diagnosis and treatment of bpop in the jaws.

Methods: This prisma-guided and prospero-registered (crd42024524576) review included case reports with confirmed anatomopathological diagnosis of bpop.

Utility of the radiological report function of an artificial intelligence system in interpreting CBCT images: a technical report.

The aim of this technical report was to assess whether the "Radiological Report" tool within the Artificial Intelligence (AI) software Diagnocat can achieve a satisfactory level of performance comparable to that of experienced dentomaxillofacial radiologists in interpreting cone-beam CT scans. Ten cone-beam CT scans were carefully selected and analysed using the AI tool, and they were also evaluated by two dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Observations related to tooth numeration, alterations in dental crowns, roots, and periodontal tissues were documented and subsequently compared to the AI findings.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Pterocarpanquinone LQB-118 in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages.

Background: Phagocytosis is an important function of macrophages. However, when it's dysregulated, it could compromise homeostasis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the inhibitory activity of pterocarpanquinone LQB 118 on murine macrophage phagocytosis.

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the New Cardiotonic Steroid γ-Benzylidene Digoxin 8 (BD-8) in Mice.

Cardiotonic steroids are known to bind to Na+/K+-ATPase and regulate several biological processes, including the immune response. The synthetic cardiotonic steroid γ-Benzylidene Digoxin 8 (BD-8) is emerging as a promising immunomodulatory molecule, although it has remained largely unexplored. Therefore, we tested the immunomodulatory potential of BD-8 both in vitro and in vivo.

Disability, Physical Activity, and Their Correlates in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Portuguese Cross-Sectional Survey.

Knowledge about disability and physical activity is critical for enhancing self- and clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease, but the interplay between the two is unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlates of disability and physical activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2019 in Portuguese patients (n = 108) capturing disability, clinical factors including disease status and comorbidities, physical activity habits, and barriers.

Three-dimensional replica of the temporal bone in the teaching of human anatomy.

Purpose: The current study proposes the comparison of the visualization and identification of anatomical details between natural human temporal bone, its respective copy from three-dimensional printing, and the virtual model obtained from CBCT.

Methods: The sample consisted of undergraduate students in Dentistry (Group UE, n = 22), Postgraduate students in Radiology and Imaging (Group P-RI, n = 20), and Postgraduate students in Forensic Odontology (Group P-FO, n = 24). All participants attended a theoretical class on specialized anatomy of the temporal bone and subsequently performed the markings of 10 determined structures.

Silicon attenuates nutritional disorder of phosphorus in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla.

Background: Nutritional disorders of phosphorus (P), due to deficiency or toxicity, reduce the development of Eucalyptus spp. seedlings. Phosphorus deficiency often results in stunted growth and reduced vigor, while phosphorus toxicity can lead to nutrient imbalances and decreased physiological function.

Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 correlates with colonic leukocytes decrease and gut microbiome imbalance in mice.

Aim: Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral-gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice.

Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks.

Cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in chronic weight management in Portugal.

Background: Obesity and overweight are a significant public health concern. Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg injection is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue approved by the European Medicines Agency as an adjunct to a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity (diet and exercise, D&E) for the treatment obesity and overweight in the presence of at least one weight related comorbidity.

Resources for health literacy among caregivers of prematurely born children: a scoping review.

Objectives: to map the available evidence on resources used to promote health literacy among caregivers of prematurely born children during outpatient follow-up.

Methods: the Joanna Briggs Institute's scope review protocol was utilized. The search encompassed six databases, incorporating studies from 2012 to 2022.

Influence of surgeon experience on implant placement in guided surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Statement Of Problem: Guided surgical techniques in implant dentistry use virtual planning to accurately position implants. Understanding the effect of a surgeon's experience on guided surgery is essential to ensure successful outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was to evaluate the influence of a surgeon's experience on the accuracy of implant positioning in guided surgery for completely or partially edentulous patients.

Modulating the sEH/EETs Axis Restrains Specialized Proresolving Mediator Impairment and Regulates T Cell Imbalance in Experimental Periodontitis.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids are short-acting lipids involved in resolution of inflammation. Their short half-life, due to its metabolism by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), limits their effects. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous regulatory lipids insufficiently synthesized in uncontrolled and chronic inflammation.

Zika virus: Antiviral immune response, inflammation, and cardiotonic steroids as antiviral agents.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus first reported from humans in Nigeria in 1954. The first outbreak occurred in Micronesia followed by an outbreak in French Polynesia and another in Brazil when the virus was associated with numerous cases of severe neurological manifestations such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital zika syndrome in fetuses, particularly congenital microcephaly. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against ZIKV through triggering an antiviral immune response.

Assessment of Oral Health Status in a Prison Population in Northern Portugal.

Background: Prisoners constitute one of the disadvantaged groups and it is observed that these individuals suffer from poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of oral diseases is higher compared to the general population.

Material And Methods: The aim of this study is to assess the state of the oral health in a prison population in Northern Portugal. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 103 male prisoners with age between 25 and 75 years old.

Prevalence and Characterization of External Cervical Resorption Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of external cervical resorption (ECR) and characterize the cases of ECR using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: High-resolution CBCT scans of 6216 patients (2280 males and 3936 females), consecutively acquired during the period July 2021 to March 2022, were analyzed. Identified cases of ECR were characterized by 3 evaluators regarding lesion height, circumferential spread, portal of entry proximity to root canal, stage, location, and width.

Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Microstructure in CT Scans of People with Sickle Cell Disease.

Objective:  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited disease, and is characterized by a genetic modification that determines the production of a hemoglobin with altered morphology. This anatomical change of hemoglobin leads to vaso-occlusive disorders and premature hemolysis of the cell, causing chronic anemia and bone marrow hyperplasia due to increased hematopoietic demand. As a consequence, several skeletal changes are reported in the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, femur, and metatarsals.

Influence of CBCT-derived panoramic curve variability in the measurements for dental implant planning.

Objective: To investigate whether the curve markings performed prior to panoramic and cross-sectional reconstructions can influence the planning of oral implants.

Methods: Twenty oral radiologists landmarked the reference panoramic curves in 25 CBCT scans of the mandible. Bone height was measured on the resulting cross-sectional slices in the edentulous region of the lower first molar.

Generation of an Obese Diabetic Mouse Model upon Conditional Disruption.

Atrx loss was recently ascertained as insufficient to drive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PanNET) formation in mice islets. We have identified a preponderant role of Atrx in the endocrine dysfunction in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). To validate the impact of a different -driver line, we used similar methodologies and characterised the () GEMM to search for PanNET formation and endocrine fitness disruption for a period of up to 24 months.

MedSecurance Project: Advanced Security-for-Safety Assurance for Medical Device IoT (IoMT).

The MedSecurance project focus on identifying new challenges in cyber security with focus on hardware and software medical devices in the context of emerging healthcare architectures. In addition, the project will review best practice and identify gaps in the guidance, particularly the guidance stipulated by the medical device regulation and directives. Finally, the project will develop comprehensive methodology and tooling for the engineering of trustworthy networks of inter-operating medical devices, that shall have security-for-safety by design, with a strategy for device certification and certifiable dynamic network composition, ensuring that patient safety is safeguarded from malicious cyber actors and technology "accidents".