Ivosidenib for IDH1-Mutant Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Insights From a Multicenter Real-World Study.

Background & Aims: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. While first-line combination therapies have improved outcomes, second-line treatment remains challenging. Ivosidenib, an IDH1 inhibitor, has shown promise in treating IDH1 mutant CCA, but real-world data is limited.

Impact of antibiotic therapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

Background: Patients with biliary tract cancers (BTC) often require antibiotic therapy before starting systemic treatment that includes an immune checkpoint inhibitor. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of antibiotic therapy administered in the 15 days prior to the start of chemoimmunotherapy in patients with BTC.

Material And Methods: The study population included patients with metastatic or locally advanced BTC from western and eastern populations treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.

Negative impact of corticosteroid use on outcome in patients with advanced BTCs treated with cisplatin, gemcitabine, and durvalumab: A large real-life worldwide population.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the possible prognostic impact of concomitant medications in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy combinations. This real-world analysis aims to evaluate the impact of concomitant medications on survival outcomes in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTCs) treated with cisplatin, gemcitabine and durvalumab (CGD) therapy. The study cohort included patients with a diagnosis of advanced BTCs who were taking concomitant medications for their comorbidities before the start of CGD.

The impact of molecular alterations in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer receiving cisplatin, gemcitabine and durvalumab: a large real-life worldwide population.

Background & Aims: Cisplatin, gemcitabine, and durvalumab (CGD) combination is a standard first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to assess the impact of genetic alterations on outcomes in patients with advanced BTC treated with CGD in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC treated with CGD across 39 centers in 11 countries (Europe, United States, and Asia) were included in this analysis.

Comparative Effectiveness of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Versus Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in a Real-World Setting.

Background: There are no studies that directly compare atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and tremelimumab plus durvalumab (STRIDE), two first-line options for the systemic therapy of advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC).

Objective: We conducted a real-world retrospective analysis to compare the clinical efficacies of these two regimens.

Patients And Methods: Using TriNetX data on patients with HCC at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages B or C, the analysis included patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or with the STRIDE regimen.

A Prognostic Index for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Treated With Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Durvalumab: The MAGIC-D Index.

Background: Over the years, prognostic indexes have been developed to help clinicians stratify patients with biliary tract cancers (BTC) into risk groups. This study aims to identify a new prognostic index for patients with BTC treated with cisplatin, gemcitabine and durvalumab (CGD) in the first-line setting.

Patients And Methods: The study population consisted of patients with BTC from 11 Eastern and Western Countries.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus Lenvatinib for patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B (BCLC-B) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A real-world population.

Background: The aim of the present study was to perform a real-world analysis on a large patient cohort with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B (BCLC-B) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A + B) or with Lenvatinib.

Methods: The study population included patients affected with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B (BCLC-B) hepatocellular carcinoma not suitable for locoregional therapies (LRTs) from eastern and western populations, who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A + B) or Lenvatinib as first-line treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate predictive factors for overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) while prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox regression model.

Association of candidate surrogate endpoints with overall survival in advanced biliary tract cancer.

Background & Aims: Surrogate endpoints are increasingly used in biliary tract cancer (BTC) trials. While this may expedite drug approval and decrease costs, surrogate endpoints may not always correlate with an overall survival (OS) advantage. We aimed to explore the association of progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) with OS at the trial- and patient-level.

Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Therapies in Biliary Tract Cancers: A Meta-Analysis on Disease Location, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Status, and Survival Outcomes.

Introduction: In recent years, the therapeutic scenario of metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTCs) beyond first-line has profoundly changed owing to target therapies. human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) represents a promising molecular target that is frequently altered in BTC. The present meta-analyses aimed to describe the response rates and survival outcomes in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced/metastatic BTC treated with anti-HER2 therapies.

Factors associated with reaching maintenance therapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer treated with durvalumab: Real-world results from a multicenter and multinational study.

Standard of care first-line systemic treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer includes chemo-immunotherapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and durvalumab, followed by maintenance durvalumab monotherapy. The present work aims to investigate the differences in baseline clinical and molecular characteristics between patients with early progression during chemo-immunotherapy and those who reach durvalumab maintenance therapy. The study population included patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC who received treatment at 38 clinical Institutions in 12 countries from July 2021 to December 2023.

HER2 Pathway in Biliary Tract Cancer: A Snapshot of the Current Understanding and Future Directions.

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a wide class of malignancies with dismal prognosis. The therapeutic scenario of metastatic BTCs has profoundly changed during recent years. The combination of cisplatin-gemcitabine plus immunotherapy is currently the gold standard in the first line.

Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Comparison on Dual-phase Cone-beam CT, Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and Tc-macroaggregated albumin-SPECT/CT in predicting final distribution volumes and dosimetry of the post-embolization Y PET/CT.

Purpose: Personalized treatment schemes are being systematically applied to ensure best treatment outcome in oncologic patients. This is true also for personalized dosimetry in transarterial radioembolization (TARE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Precise and detailed volumetric and functional data derived from radiological and nuclear imaging methods are essential for personalized dosimetry.

Survival Outcomes of Durvalumab in Combination with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Real-World Results from a Single Italian Institution.

Introduction: The TOPAZ-1 phase III trial showed a survival benefit with durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). To understand this combination's real-world efficacy and tolerability, we conducted a retrospective analysis of its first-line treatment outcomes.

Methods: We included patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC treated with cisplatin, gemcitabine, plus durvalumab.

Viral Hepatitis in Western Patients with Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Retrospective Assessment of Prevalence, Prognostic and Predictive Significance.

Despite a biologically established causative role of viral hepatitis (VH), i.e. HBV and HCV infections, on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), only few large Western cohorts exploring the association between VH and ICC development are available.

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma: new horizons and prospects for our patients.

Introduction: In recent years, significant progress has been made in treatment strategies for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a highly heterogeneous patient population requiring tailored therapies based on tumor characteristics.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of treatment approaches for intermediate-stage HCC, highlighting the evolution of treatment options over time. While chemoembolization remains the standard therapy for many patients, it has advanced to include combinations with systemic therapies, known as combination therapy, which is becoming the new standard of care for this group.

Lenvatinib versus Sorafenib Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progressed to Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab: A Retrospective Real-World Study.

Introduction: The most frequently used first-line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Upon progression after this treatment, the standard of care in many countries is sorafenib, due to the lack of reimbursement for other drugs. Several randomized trials are currently underway to clarify the best second-line therapy in patients with HCC.

Developing targeted therapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical assessment of promising phase II agents.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the first for primary liver tumors. In recent years greater therapeutic advancement was represented by employment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) either in monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Areas Covered: Major attention was given to target therapies in the last couple of years, especially in those currently under phase II trials.

Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer: A large real-life worldwide population.

Background: The TOPAZ-1 phase III trial showed a survival benefit with durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). To understand this combination's real-world efficacy and tolerability, we conducted a global multicenter retrospective analysis of its first-line treatment outcomes.

Methods: We included patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC treated with durvalumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin at 39 sites in 11 countries (Europe, the United States, and Asia).

Treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: the potential of biologics.

Introduction: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant global health burden, whose treatment has been recently revolutionized by the advent of biologic treatments. Despite that, innovative therapeutic regimens and approaches, especially immune-based, remain to be explored aiming at extending the therapeutic benefits to a wider population of patients.

Areas Covered: This review comprehensively discusses the evolving landscape of biological treatment modalities for advanced HCC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies, tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies either naked or drug-conjugated, therapeutic vaccines, oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell therapies, and cytokine-based therapies.

The oncologic burden of residual disease in incidental gallbladder cancer: An elastic net regression model to profile high-risk features.

Introduction: Incidental Gallbladder Cancer (IGBC) following cholecystectomy constitutes a significant portion of gallbladder cancer diagnoses. Re-exploration is advocated to optimize disease clearance and enhance survival rates. The consistent association of residual disease (RD) with inferior oncologic outcomes prompts a critical examination of re-resection's role as a modifying factor in the natural history of IGBC.