From diagnostic uncertainty to targeted therapy: a case-based review of VEXAS syndrome.

Background: VEXAS syndrome (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) is a recently identified autoinflammatory disorder caused by somatic UBA1 mutations. It presents with intractable systemic inflammation and hematologic abnormalities. Diagnostic delay and limited therapeutic consensus pose challenges in clinical practice.

Relationship between vertical facial patterns and palatal morphology in class I and class II malocclusion - An in vitro study.

The relationship between vertical facial growth patterns and palatal morphology in Class I and Class II malocclusion cases is explored. An in vitro analysis of 24 subjects (12 in each group) showed that individuals with Class II malocclusion and high-angle growth displayed significantly greater mandibular plane angles, facial heights, palatal widths, and arch lengths compared to their Class I counterparts. Data shows that vertical growth tendencies have a marked influence on palatal dimensions.

Comparative Analysis of Shear Bond Strength between Orthodontic Brackets Adhered Using Self-Etching Adhesives and Conventional Adhesives.

Background: The strength of the connection between orthodontic brackets and the enamel is a major factor in the outcome of orthodontic therapy. Bonding methods have changed a lot, and self-etching primers are becoming more and more common because of their easy process.

Materials And Methods: Two sets of 40 removed human premolars (n = 20) were randomly assigned.

End Organ Affection in Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease is an orphan disease affecting ethnic minorities and characterized by profound systemic manifestations. Although around 100,000 individuals with SCD are living in the US, the exact number of individuals is unknown, and it is considered an orphan disease. This single-gene disorder leads to red blood cell sickling and the deoxygenation of hemoglobin, resulting in hemolysis.

New use of thiazide diuretics vs. nonthiazide antihypertensive drugs was linked to hyponatremia over 2 y.

Andersson NW, Wohlfahrt J, Feenstra B, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:1-11.

Comorbid treatment of traumatic brain injury and mental health disorders.

Background: The Emory Healthcare Veterans Program (EHVP) is a multidisciplinary intensive outpatient treatment program for post-9/11 veterans and service members with invisible wounds, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), substance use disorders (SUD), and other anxiety- and depression-related disorders.

Objective: This article reviews the EHVP.

Methods: The different treatment tracks that provide integrated and comprehensive treatment are highlighted along with a review of the standard, adjunctive, and auxiliary services that complement individualized treatment plans.

Effectiveness of the massed delivery of unified protocol for emotional disorders within an intensive outpatient program for military service members and veterans.

Recent evidence supports the implementation of massed delivery of disorder-specific treatments in the military service member and veteran population. However, many treatment settings serve patients with a wide range of diagnoses, and often patients present with comorbid conditions. Growing evidence suggests transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral treatments are effective for a wide range of emotional disorders and may reduce barriers to access.

Reducing the bioburden on organic sanitary napkins and attempt to solve the sterility issue.

Sanitary napkins are technical textile products that women use to hygienically collect menstrual fluids when they are menstruating. Because sanitary napkins must simultaneously fulfil a number of end-use requirements, they have layered constructions. Through the Unnat Bharat Abhiyan, Surat, India, this study explores the eco-friendly (organic material) sanitary napkin production facility in the village of Bhatlai in the Gujarat province of India and identifies an issue.

Mortality of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies versus solid tumors: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 compared to the general population, but it remains unclear which types of cancer have the highest risk of COVID-19-related mortality. This study examines mortality rates for those with hematological malignancies (Hem) versus solid tumors (Tumor). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for relevant articles using Nested Knowledge software (Nested Knowledge, St Paul, MN).

Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of Myasthenia Gravis in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review.

Objective: Recent studies suggest that the clinical course and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are highly variable. We performed a systematic review of the relevant literature with a key aim to assess the outcomes of invasive ventilation, mortality, and hospital length of stay (HLoS) for patients presenting with MG and COVID-19.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and MedRxiv databases for original articles that reported patients with MG and COVID-19.

() lipid mediated lysosomal rewiring in infected macrophages modulates intracellular trafficking and survival.

Intracellular pathogens commonly manipulate the host lysosomal system for their survival. However, whether this pathogen-induced alteration affects the organization and functioning of the lysosomal system itself is not known. Here, using and infections and quantitative image analysis, we show that the lysosomal content and activity are globally elevated in ()-infected macrophages.

Nipah: An Interesting stance.

Nipah instead was one of the most fatal outbreaks of diseases in the mankind which was initially assumed as Japanese encephalitis. A multidisciplinary exploration was done at several levels of microbiology, histopathology and genetics which led to the discovery of a new paramyxovirus named Nipah virus (NiV). The disease was primarily identified in Malaysia in 1998 and named after a village, Sungai Nipah.

Raman spectroscopy reveals distinct differences between two closely related bacterial strains, Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium intracellulare.

A common technique used to differentiate bacterial species and to determine evolutionary relationships is sequencing their 16S ribosomal RNA genes. However, this method fails when organisms exhibit high similarity in these sequences. Two such strains that have identical 16S rRNA sequences are Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) and Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicating .

The capacity of () to tolerate multiple antibiotics represents a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) management. Heterogeneity in populations is one of the factors that drives antibiotic tolerance during infection. However, the mechanisms underpinning this variation in bacterial population remain poorly understood.

Relationship Between Pregnancy-Associated Malaria and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW), which are among the leading causes of infant mortality globally. Rates of PTB and LBW are high in countries with a high burden of malaria. PAM may be a contributing factor to PTB and LBW, but is not well understood.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 maintains redox homeostasis and survival in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survives under oxidatively and nitosatively hostile niches inside host phagocytes. In other bacteria, adaptation to these stresses is dependent upon the redox sensitive two component systems (e.g.

Redox-dependent condensation of the mycobacterial nucleoid by WhiB4.

Oxidative stress response in bacteria is mediated through coordination between the regulators of oxidant-remediation systems (e.g. OxyR, SoxR) and nucleoid condensation (e.

Examining the Positive Cognitive Triad: A Link Between Resilience and Well-Being.

Extant literature links higher levels of resilience to overall well-being; however, the underlying mechanisms explaining this relation are unclear. Replicating and extending the study of Mak, Ng, and Wong, the present study investigated the "positive cognitive triad" of hope, world-view, and self-esteem as a possible mediator between resilience and well-being for the first time in an American sample. Participants ( = 198) completed online surveys of self-esteem, hope, view of the world, and resilience.

Superresolution Imaging Identifies That Conventional Trafficking Pathways Are Not Essential for Endoplasmic Reticulum to Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Transport.

Most nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins traffic from the cytosol to mitochondria. Some of these proteins localize at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), where mitochondria are closely apposed with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have previously shown that the human cytomegalovirus signal-anchored protein known as viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) traffics from the ER to mitochondria and clusters at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM).

The role of the microbiome in kidney stone formation.

Nephrolithiasis is a complex disease of worldwide prevalence that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. About 75% of kidney stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate and urinary oxalate is considered a crucial risk factor. Microorganisms may have a role in the pathogenesis and prevention of kidney stones and the involvement of the intestinal microbiome in this renal disease has been a recent area of interest.

Structural and Molecular Determinants of Membrane Binding by the HIV-1 Matrix Protein.

Assembly of HIV-1 particles is initiated by the trafficking of viral Gag polyproteins from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, where they co-localize and bud to form immature particles. Membrane targeting is mediated by the N-terminally myristoylated matrix (MA) domain of Gag and is dependent on the plasma membrane marker phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Recent studies revealed that PI(4,5)P2 molecules containing truncated acyl chains [tr-PI(4,5)P2] are capable of binding MA in an "extended lipid" conformation and promoting myristoyl exposure.