Assessing the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in identifying early rectal cancers suitable for endoscopic intermuscular dissection.

Selection of rectal cancers suitable for endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) is challenging. We aimed to evaluate whether identification of ≥1 mm of preserved muscularis propria on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using a systematic reporting tool (mrSRT), can identify rectal cancers suitable for EID.An expert radiologist trained 12 study radiologists in the use of the mrSRT.

Effectiveness and complication rates of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis: A systematic review.

In this review, a systematic literature search on the effectiveness and complication rates of ultrasound-guided and magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USg-/MRgHIFU) for abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) was conducted in six databases in May/June 2023. Original articles of (non)randomized trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and case series published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Of the included studies the level of evidence (LoE) and methodological quality using the ROBINS-I and IHE-QAT was assessed.

Prophylactic Medication during Radioembolization in Metastatic Liver Disease: Is It Really Necessary? A Retrospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: Trans-arterial radioembolization is a well-studied tumoricidal treatment for liver malignancies; however, consensus and evidence regarding periprocedural prophylactic medication (PPM) are lacking.

Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis from 2014 to 2020 was performed in patients treated with Y-glass microspheres for neuroendocrine or colorectal liver metastases. Inclusion criteria were the availability of at least 3 months of clinical, biochemical, and imaging follow-up and post-treatment Y-PET/CT imaging for the determination of the whole non-tumorous liver absorbed dose (D).

Towards Response ADAptive Radiotherapy for organ preservation for intermediate-risk rectal cancer (preRADAR): protocol of a phase I dose-escalation trial.

Introduction: Organ preservation is associated with superior functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) compared with total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. Only 10% of patients are eligible for organ preservation following short-course radiotherapy (SCRT, 25 Gy in five fractions) and a prolonged interval (4-8 weeks) to response evaluation. The organ preservation rate could potentially be increased by dose-escalated radiotherapy.

Focused Ultrasound and RadioTHERapy for non-invasive palliative pain treatment in patients with bone metastasis: a study protocol for the three armed randomized controlled FURTHER trial.

Background: Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), caused by bone metastases, is a common complication of cancer and strongly impairs quality of life (QoL). External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is the current standard of care for treatment of CIBP. However, approximately 45% of patients have no adequate pain response after EBRT.

Inflammatory markers and long term hematotoxicity of holmium-166-radioembolization in liver-dominant metastatic neuroendocrine tumors after initial peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

Purpose: In patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases, additional tumor reduction can be achieved by sequential treatment with [Ho]-radioembolization after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The aim of this study was to analyze hematotoxicity profiles, (i.e.

Dose-response relationship after yttrium-90-radioembolization with glass microspheres in patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases.

Background: In radioembolization, response is achieved through the irradiation and damaging of tumor DNA. For hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors, a dose-response relationship has not been established yet. This study assesses whether increasing tumor-absorbed doses lead to increased response rates.

Combining radiotherapy and focused ultrasound for pain palliation of cancer induced bone pain; a stage I/IIa study according to the IDEAL framework.

Background: Cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) strongly interferes with patient's quality of life. Currently, the standard of care includes external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), resulting in pain relief in approximately 60% of patients. Magnetic Resonance guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU) is a promising treatment modality for CIBP.

Additional holmium-166 radioembolisation after lutetium-177-dotatate in patients with neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases (HEPAR PLuS): a single-centre, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study.

Background: In patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, the liver is the most commonly affected organ and a crucial factor for prognosis and survival. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy can prolong progression-free survival in these patients. Additional treatment of liver disease might further improve outcomes.

A Pilot Study on Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy to Monitor Regional Liver Function in Y Radioembolization.

Radioembolization is increasingly used as a bridge to resection (i.e., radiation lobectomy).

Hepatobiliary Imaging in Liver-directed Treatments.

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) is an emerging tool in the assessment of hepatic function. This nuclear imaging technique can be used to calculate both global and regional liver function. It has proven to be the most reliable way of assessing the distribution of liver function, especially in patients with impaired liver function due to, for example, cirrhosis or after chemotherapy.

Anatomic versus Metabolic Tumor Response Assessment after Radioembolization Treatment.

Purpose: To assess applicability of metabolic tumor response assessment on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) after radioembolization (RE) in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) by comparison with one-dimensional size-based response assessment on MR imaging.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 38 patients with CRLM undergoing RE. MR imaging and F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed at baseline, 1 month (n = 38), and 3 months (n = 21).

Efficacy of Radioembolization with Ho-Microspheres in Salvage Patients with Liver Metastases: A Phase 2 Study.

Radioembolization of liver malignancies with Ho-microspheres has been shown to be safe in a phase 1 dose-escalation study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Ho radioembolization. In this prospective single-arm study, 56 patients were enrolled, all with liver metastases refractory to systemic therapy and ineligible for surgical resection.

Recommendations for radioembolisation after liver surgery using yttrium-90 resin microspheres based on a survey of an international expert panel.

Introduction: Guidelines on how to adjust activity in patients with a history of liver surgery who are undergoing yttrium-90 radioembolisation (Y-RE) are lacking. The aim was to study the variability in activity prescription in these patients, between centres with extensive experience using resin microspheres Y-RE, and to draw recommendations on activity prescription based on an expert consensus.

Methods: The variability in activity prescription between centres was investigated by a survey of international experts in the field of Y-RE.

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy may improve radioembolization treatment planning in HCC patients.

Background: Routine work-up for transarterial radioembolization, based on clinical and laboratory parameters, sometimes fails, resulting in severe hepatotoxicity in up to 5% of patients. Quantitative assessment of the pretreatment liver function and its segmental distribution, using hepatobiliary scintigraphy may improve patient selection and treatment planning. A case series will be presented to illustrate the potential of this technique.

Radioembolization-induced liver disease: a systematic review.

Radioembolization (RE) is a relatively novel treatment modality for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Microspheres embedded with a β-emitting radioisotope are injected into the hepatic artery, resulting in microsphere deposition in the tumor arterioles and normal portal triads. Microsphere deposition in nontumorous parenchyma can result in radiation-induced liver injury, with lethal RE-induced liver disease (REILD) at the outer end of the spectrum.

Liver CT for vascular mapping during radioembolisation workup: comparison of an early and late arterial phase protocol.

Objectives: To compare right gastric (RGA) and segment 4 artery (A4) origin detection rates during radioembolisation workup between early and late arterial phase liver CT protocols.

Methods: 100 consecutive patients who underwent liver CT between May 2012-January 2015 with early or late arterial phase protocol (n = 50 each, 10- vs. 20-s post-threshold delay) were included.

The Caudate Lobe: The Blind Spot in Radioembolization or an Overlooked Opportunity?

Purpose: The caudate lobe (CL) is impartial to the functional left and right hemi-liver and has outspoken inter-individual differences in arterial vascularization. Unfortunately, this complexity is not specifically taken into account during radioembolization treatment (RE), potentially resulting in under- or overtreatment of the CL. The objective of this study was to evaluate the CL coverage in RE and determine the detection rate of the CL arteries on CT angiography during work-up.

⁹⁰Y Hepatic Radioembolization: An Update on Current Practice and Recent Developments.

Radioembolization is an established treatment modality that has been subjected to many improvements over the last decade. Developments are occurring at a high pace, affecting patient selection and treatment. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an overview of current practice, with a focus on recent developments in the field of radioembolization.