Effect of age on the treatment duration and proposed "impacted incisor severity score" of impacted maxillary incisor: A retrospective study.

Background: Absence of anterior maxillary teeth has a significantly impact on esthetics, speech, mastication, and psychosocial well-being in young patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2022, the data include children (8-15 years) with maxillary impacted incisors. After initial screening of the digital records, 75 cases with 80 impacted maxillary central incisors were recruited; 9 cases were excluded due to incomplete records.

Erratum: Addendum: Improved postoperative recovery profile in pediatric oral rehabilitation with low-dose dexmedetomidine as an opioid substitute for general anesthesia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

[This corrects the article on p. 357 in vol. 22, PMID: 36246035.

Elevated insulin growth factor-1 in dentate gyrus induces cognitive deficits in pre-term newborns.

Prematurely born infants are deprived of maternal hormones and cared for in the stressful environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). They suffer from long-lasting deficits in learning and memory. Here, we show that prematurity and associated neonatal stress disrupt dentate gyrus (DG) development and induce long-term cognitive deficits and that these effects are mediated by insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1).

Iron oxide doped rice biochar reduces soil-plant arsenic stress, improves nutrient values: An amendment towards sustainable development goals.

Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soils and its further translocation to the rice is a serious global issue. Arsenic loading to the rice depends on soil physico-chemical parameters and agronomic practices. To minimize this natural threat, as a natural substance, rice straw was used to produce rice biochar (RBC) and doped with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles, another eco-friendly composite.

Improved postoperative recovery profile in pediatric oral rehabilitation with low-dose dexmedetomidine as an opioid substitute for general anesthesia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Low-dose dexmedetomidine may be a suitable alternative to opioids for pediatric ambulatory procedures under general anesthesia (GA). However, the recovery profile remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine on the recovery profile of children.

An assessment of various potentially toxic elements and associated health risks in agricultural soil along the middle Gangetic basin, India.

The present study analysed the levels of potentially toxic elements along with physico-chemical properties of agricultural soil samples (n = 59) collected from fields situated along the path of river Ganga in the middle Gangetic floodplain in two districts, Ballia and Ghazipur. Arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels were analysed by Wavelength Dispersive-X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF) and the associated health risks along with diverse indices were calculated. The mean concentrations of As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni were found to be 15, 42, 85, 18, 87 and 47 mg kg, respectively in Ballia and 13, 31, 73, 22, 77 and 34 mg kg, respectively in Ghazipur.

Sex Differences in the Human Brain Transcriptome of Cases With Schizophrenia.

Background: While schizophrenia differs between males and females in the age of onset, symptomatology, and disease course, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain uncharacterized.

Methods: To address questions about the sex-specific effects of schizophrenia, we performed a large-scale transcriptome analysis of RNA sequencing data from 437 controls and 341 cases from two distinct cohorts from the CommonMind Consortium.

Results: Analysis across the cohorts identified a reproducible gene expression signature of schizophrenia that was highly concordant with previous work.

Arsenic dynamics and flux assessment under drying-wetting irrigation and enhanced microbial diversity in paddy soils: A four year study in Bengal delta plain.

Arsenic (As) assessment in agricultural soils and corresponding crops is necessary from the global health safety perspective. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time, As flux determining parametric equations for paddy field with seasonal rice cultivation under conventional flooding and dry-wet irrigation approaches. Rigorous field experiments and measuring quantitative parameters, flushed out or percolated into the deeper soil As flux was assessed.

The α1-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala regulate the induction of learned despair through protein kinase C-beta signaling.

Hyperactivity of amygdala is observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Although the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on fear memory has been well studied, the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on depression-like behaviors remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α1A-adrenoreceptor in amygdala on despair behavior, evaluated by the immobility time during tail suspension test (TST), pharmacological intervention, and immunohistological methods.

Legacy of a Pleistocene bacterial community: Patterns in community dynamics through changing ecosystems.

Bacterial communities are resilient to the environmental changes, yet the effect of long term ecological changes on bacterial communities remain poorly explored. To study the effect of prolonged environmental changes, a 25 m long sediment core was excavated from a paleo beach ridge located on the Cauvery delta, south east coast of India. Geological evidences suggested that the site has experienced multiple marine transgressions and regressions.

Ultra-structure alteration via enhanced silicon uptake in arsenic stressed rice cultivars under intermittent irrigation practices in Bengal delta basin.

The study implements a periodical intermittent water cycle during rice cultivation providing insight potential in minimizing soil bio-available arsenic. Soil As concentrations were 34 ± 0.49 and 72.

Riluzole and edaravone: A tale of two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs.

Over the past decades, a multitude of experimental drugs have been shown to delay disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show efficacy in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I-III trials. Riluzole, a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor, is the only drug approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment with modest benefits on survival. Recently, an antioxidant drug, edaravone, developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma was found to be effective in halting ALS progression during early stages.

Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder.

Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate. Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor behind pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and several antidepressants functions by increasing the monoamine level at the synapses in the brain.

Therapeutic opportunities and challenges of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived motor neurons for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor neuron disease.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases that affect nerve cells in the brain affecting upper and lower motor neurons (UMNs/LMNs), brain stem and spinal cord. The clinical phenotype is characterized by loss of motor neurons (MNs), muscular weakness and atrophy eventually leading to paralysis and death due to respiratory failure within 3-5 years after disease onset. No effective treatment or cure is currently available that halts or reverses ALS and MND except FDA approved drug riluzole that only modestly slows the progression of ALS in some patients.

Riluzole But Not Melatonin Ameliorates Acute Motor Neuron Degeneration and Moderately Inhibits SOD1-Mediated Excitotoxicity Induced Disrupted Mitochondrial Ca Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Selective motoneurons (MNs) degeneration in the brain stem, hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs), and the spinal cord resulting in patients paralysis and eventual death are prominent features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial respiratory impairment, low Ca buffering and homeostasis and excitotoxicity are the pathological phenotypes found in mice, and cell culture models of familial ALS (fALS) linked with Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation. In our study, we aimed to understand the impact of riluzole and melatonin on excitotoxicity, neuronal protection and Ca signaling in individual HMNs in symptomatic adult ALS mouse brain stem slice preparations and in WT and SOD1-G93A transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using fluorescence microscopy, calcium imaging with high speed charged coupled device camera, together with immunohistochemistry, cell survival assay and histology.

Vascular depression consensus report - a critical update.

Background: Vascular depression is regarded as a subtype of late-life depression characterized by a distinct clinical presentation and an association with cerebrovascular damage. Although the term is commonly used in research settings, widely accepted diagnostic criteria are lacking and vascular depression is absent from formal psychiatric manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 edition - a fact that limits its use in clinical settings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, showing a variety of cerebrovascular lesions, including extensive white matter hyperintensities, subcortical microvascular lesions, lacunes, and microinfarcts, in patients with late life depression, led to the introduction of the term "MRI-defined vascular depression".

Selective vulnerability of motoneuron and perturbed mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: implications for motoneurons specific calcium dysregulation.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of defined subgroups of motoneuron in the brainstem, spinal cord and motor cortex with signature hallmarks of mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, free radical damage, excitotoxicity and impaired axonal transport. Although intracellular disruptions of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium, and in particular low cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)]c) buffering and a strong interaction between metabolic mechanisms and [Ca(2+)]i have been identified predominantly in motoneuron impairment, the causes of these disruptions are unknown. The existing evidence suggests that the mutant superoxide dismutase1 (mtSOD1)-mediated toxicity in ALS acts through mitochondria, and that alteration in cytosolic and mitochondria-ER microdomain calcium accumulation are critical to the neurodegenerative process.

Impairment of mitochondrial calcium handling in a mtSOD1 cell culture model of motoneuron disease.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons (MN) in the brain stem and spinal cord. Intracellular disruptions of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium have been associated with selective MN degeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present evidence supports a hypothesis that mitochondria are a target of mutant SOD1-mediated toxicity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and intracellular alterations of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium might aggravate the course of this neurodegenerative disease.

EGF domain II of protein Pb28 from Plasmodium berghei interacts with monoclonal transmission blocking antibody 13.1.

Development of a vaccine against malaria is a major global health concern. The P28 proteins expressed on the surface of ookinetes of Plasmodium are the targets of transmission blocking antibodies. Injection of P28 proteins in vertebrate hosts induces antibodies that inhibit oocyst formation, blocking transmission of the parasite from mosquitos to human hosts.

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase typical for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis increases the vulnerability of mitochondria and perturbs Ca2+ homeostasis in SOD1G93A mice.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of defined motoneuron populations in the brainstem and spinal cord. Although low cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) buffering and a strong interaction between metabolic mechanisms and [Ca(2+)](i) have been associated with selective motoneuron vulnerability, the underlying cellular mechanisms are barely understood. To elucidate the underlying molecular events, we used rapid charge-cooled device imaging to evaluate Ca(2+) signaling and metabolic signatures in the brainstem slices of SOD1(G93A) mice, the mouse model of human ALS, at 8 to 9 and 14 to 15 weeks of age, corresponding to the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of motor dysfunction, respectively, and compared the results with corresponding age-matched wild-type littermates.