Age of Puberty Onset among Healthy Schoolgirls in North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study.

Introduction: Menarche, a critical milestone in adolescent development, is influenced by genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. While global trends indicate a secular decline in menarcheal age, region-specific data, particularly from North Karnataka, remain limited. This study estimates the age of menarche among adolescent schoolgirls in urban and rural areas of Belagavi, Karnataka, and explores the factors contributing to the occurrence of early menarche.

The polar vessel sign: insights from CT imaging analysis in Asian Indian primary hyperparathyroidism.

Purpose: Data on the polar vessel sign (enlarged feeding vessel terminating in parathyroid lesions) on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence, predictors, and adjunctive utility of polar vessel sign in pre-operative 4D-CT of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods: One radiologist blinded to the patients' details reported the 4D-CT of eighty-four operated patients with histopathology-proven single-gland PHPT.

Spectrum of renal dysfunction after curative parathyroidectomy in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: The long-term renal consequences of curative parathyroidectomy (PTX) in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) are not well characterized. We aimed to assess renal glomerular and tubular functions in an sPHPT cohort at ≥1 year's follow-up.

Design: Retrospective-prospective study.

Percentage arterial enhancement on 2D CT in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism: A prospective validation study and potential pitfalls.

Background: Parathyroid lesions are identified by subjective enhancement and washout patterns on computed tomography (CT). We have previously proposed "percentage arterial enhancement" (PAE) as an objective index and now aim to validate its performance prospectively.

Methods: Dual-phase CT was performed in 40 consecutive primary hyperparathyroidism patients.

Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: A prospective study from Western India.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension commonly coexist; however, underlying primary aldosteronism (PA) can lead to worsening of hypertension, glycemia and cardiovascular risk. We aim to screen patients with T2DM and hypertension for PA by conducting a prospective monocentric study from Western India, which included adults with T2DM and hypertension from the outpatient diabetes clinic.

Design: Prospective study.

Preoperative Amlodipine Is Efficacious in Preventing Intraoperative HDI in Pheochromocytoma: Pilot RCT.

Context: Preoperative blockade with α-blockers is recommended in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). The data on calcium channel blockade (CCB) in PPGL are scarce.

Objective: We aimed to compare the efficacy of CCB and α-blockers on intraoperative hemodynamic instability (HDI) in PPGL.

Comparison of Ga-DOTA-NaI-Octreotide/tyr-octreotate positron emission tomography/computed tomography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in localization of tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome.

The optimum imaging modality for the screening of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-associated tumors is not well established. Here, we compare the performance of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) versus Ga DOTA-NOC/TATE PET/CT in MEN1 patients. The retrospective case record study is conducted at a tertiary health-care center.

Genetic spectrum and predictors of mutations in four known genes in Asian Indian patients with growth hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary: an emphasis on regional genetic diversity.

Context: Regional variation in prevalence of genetic mutations in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is known.

Aim: Study phenotype and prevalence of mutations in GH1, GHRHR, POU1F1, PROP1 genes in GHD cohort.

Methods: One hundred and two patients {Isolated GHD (IGHD): 79; combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD): 23} with orthotopic posterior pituitary were included.

Cabergoline may act as a radioprotective agent in Cushing's disease.

Context: Conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CRT) achieves control of pathological hypercortisolism in 75%-80% of patients with persistent or recurrent Cushing's disease (CD), over a mean period of 18-24 months. Medical therapy is recommended as bridge therapy while awaiting RT effect.

Objective: To determine long-term outcome of CRT and its predictors in CD patients.

Radiological differentiation of phaeochromocytoma from other malignant adrenal masses: importance of wash-in characteristics on multiphase CECT.

Rationale And Introduction: To evaluate the computerised tomography (CT) characteristics of phaeochromocytoma (PCC) that differentiate them from other non-benign adrenal masses such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) and adrenal metastases (AM).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute from Western India. Patients presented between January 2013 and August 2016 with histological diagnosis of PCC or other non-benign adrenal mass having adequate reviewable imaging data comprising all four CECT phases were included.

SYMPATHETIC PARAGANGLIOMA: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM WESTERN INDIA.

Objective: Most of the Indian studies on pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) have focused on PCC, and there is a paucity of information regarding sympathetic paraganglioma (sPGL). Here, we describe the clinical, biochemical, and imaging features of sPGL compared with PCC.

Methods: This retrospective study included 75 patients with sPGL and 150 patients with PCC.

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Presenting as Hypervascular Adrenal Metastasis.

Hypervascular adrenal masses include pheochromocytoma, metastases caused by clear renal cell carcinoma/hepatocellular carcinoma. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) causing hypervascular metastases is not described in the literature. Here, we describe the first case of ASPS presenting as hypervascular metastasis.

Phenotype-genotype spectrum of AAA syndrome from Western India and systematic review of literature.

Objective: To study genotype-phenotype spectrum of triple A syndrome (TAS).

Methods: Retrospective chart analysis of Indian TAS patients (cohort 1,  = 8) and review of genotyped TAS cases reported in world literature (cohort 2,  = 133, 68 publications).

Results: Median age at presentation was 4.

Genotype phenotype correlation in Asian Indian von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.

The data in genotype-phenotype correlation in Indian von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) patients is limited. We have retrospectively studied 31 genetically proven VHL patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) from families and have reviewed the World literature on PCC/PGL in patients with large VHL deletions. Three patients had large deletions and 28 patients had other mutations [missense mutations in 25, 3 bp deletion in 2 and single bp duplication in one].

Duration of post-operative hypocortisolism predicts sustained remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the primary treatment modality for Cushing's disease (CD). However, the predictors of post-operative remission and recurrence remain debatable. Thus, we studied the post-operative remission and long-term recurrence rates, as well as their respective predictive factors.

Percentage arterial enhancement: An objective index for accurate identification of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Radiation exposure to neck by four-dimensional computerized tomography (4DCT) is relatively high and limits its use as a first-line investigation in evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Radiation exposure can be reduced by restricting the number of CT phases. Our aim was to study the performance of 4DCT in cohort of surgery-naïve PHPT patients, and to evaluate percentage enhancement as an objective radiological index to discriminate parathyroid lesions (adenoma/hyperplasia) from thyroid tissue and lymph nodes.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in paediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a single centre experience from India.

Background: Data on genotype-phenotype correlation in children is limited. Hence, we studied the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in children with pheochromocytoma (PCC)/paraganglioma (PGL) and compared it with adult PCC/PGL cohort.

Methods: A total of 121 consecutive, unrelated, index PCC/PGL patients underwent genetic testing for five PCC/PGL susceptibility genes (RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD and SDHC) and were evaluated for clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1).

Raynaud's Phenomenon: Revisiting a Rare Sign of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Paraganglioma (PGL) are rare tumors arising from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells and occasionally secret catecholamines. The patient commonly presents with headache, palpitation, anxiety, diaphoresis, and episodic or sustained hypertension. Rarely patient can present with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis: relative recurrence risk ratio and implications for screening of first-degree relatives.

Context: The relative recurrence risk ratio (λ ) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has not been widely studied. The age at which thyroid function evaluation should be initiated for relatives of HT patients remains unclear.

Objective: To study λ and age-related prevalence of HT in first-degree relatives of HT patients.

Predictors of malignancy in patients with pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas: Asian Indian experience.

Background And Aims: Malignant transformation of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) is a rare occurrence, and predictive factors for the same are not well understood. This study aims to identify the predictors of malignancy in patients with PCC/PGL.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 142 patients with either PCC or PGL registered at our institute between 2000 and 2015.

Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Background: Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce.

Objective: To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients.

Design: In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: single centre experience from western India.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome affecting multiple endocrine glands. Published literature on MEN1 from Indian subcontinent is scarce. We report here a case series of MEN1 patients (n = 18) from 14 unrelated families.