The effects of wrist hand orthosis use on upper limb activity and difficulty in activities of daily living: Influence of material and design differences.

Introduction: Wrist hand orthoses are widely used in rehabilitation to improve hand function and alleviate pain. However, their use may restrict wrist motion, causing functional disabilities in activities of daily living (ADLs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wrist hand orthoses on upper limb activity during daily life, focusing on differences between padded fiberglass and thermoplastic wrist hand orthoses.

Prevalence of antiemetic administration after abdominal surgery with or without a regional anesthesia under general anesthesia in a nation-wide population-based study.

The difference in the effect of regional anesthesia (RA; peripheral nerve block or epidural anesthesia) combined with general anesthesia (GA) and that of GA alone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains unclear. We used a national Japanese clinical database to evaluate whether the PONV incidence differed between GA with RA and GA alone during abdominal surgery. In this retrospective nation-wide cohort study, we compared the outcomes of patients who received GA with RA with those of patients who received GA alone during abdominal surgery between April 2016 and October 2019.

Virtual reality-based myoelectric prosthetic control training: Effects of action observation and motor imagery with visual feedback of electromyographic signals.

Background: Conventional myoelectric prostheses (myo-prostheses) training involves repetitive grasping and manipulation training, which requires considerable training time. It is necessary to develop a short and efficient myo-prostheses training. This study aimed to verify the immediate and sustained effects of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) using virtual reality (VR) on myo-prostheses control and clarify the effect of visual feedback of electromyogram (EMG) signals during AOMI using VR.

Ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia for a patient with severe scoliosis.

Ultrasound (US) guided spinal anaesthesia is gaining recognition for its ability to minimise technical difficulties encountered in patients with atypical spinal anatomy. Spinal anaesthesia is administered during a surgical procedure lithotripsy in patients with respiratory complications that can result from severe scoliosis or cerebral palsy. Here, we report a case in which US-guided spinal anaesthesia proved feasible and advantageous in a patient with cerebral paralysis and severe scoliosis.

Effect of wrist orthoses on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and stress response.

Introduction: This study examined the effects on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and stress responses when wearing a wrist orthosis made of padded fiberglass or thermoplastic and provided essential information for selecting an orthosis.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy adults performed two tests while not wearing a wrist orthosis, wearing a padded fiberglass wrist orthosis, and wearing a thermoplastic wrist orthosis. The Purdue Pegboard Test examined upper limb control.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict postoperative delirium using a nationwide database: A retrospective, observational study.

Study Objective: Postoperative delirium is a neuropsychological syndrome that typically occurs in surgical patients. Its onset can lead to prolonged hospitalization as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to promptly identify its signs.

Case Report: Virtual reality training for phantom limb pain after amputation.

Several reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation, such as mirror therapy or virtual reality, in treating phantom limb pain (PLP). This case study describes the effect of virtual reality training (VRT) on severe, long-term PLP and upper limb activity on the amputated side in a patient who underwent digit amputation 9 years prior. A woman in her 40 s underwent amputation of 2-5 fingers 9 years prior due to a workplace accident.

Association Between the Use of Midazolam During Cardiac Anesthesia and the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Database.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the intraoperative administration of midazolam and the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: The Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.

Learning curve of i-gel insertion in novices using a cumulative sum analysis.

The i-gel, a popular second-generation supraglottic airway device, has been used in a variety of airway management situations, including as an alternative to tracheal intubation for general anesthesia, rescue in difficult airway settings, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. We aimed to investigate the number of experiences needed to achieve a rapid, highly successful first attempt i-gel insertion in novices with a cumulative sum analysis. We also looked at how learning affected success rates, insertion time, and bleeding and reflex (limb movement, frowning face, or coughing) incidences.

Preoperative echocardiography predictive analytics for postinduction hypotension prediction.

Purpose: Hypotension is a risk factor for adverse perioperative outcomes. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography has been extended for preoperative risk assessment before noncardiac surgery. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict postinduction hypotension risk using preoperative echocardiographic data and compared it with conventional statistic models.

Comparison of total intravenous with inhalational anesthesia in terms of postoperative delirium and complications in older patients: a nationwide population-based study.

Purpose: Postoperative delirium incidences are increasing in older adults. A Cochrane Review found no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative delirium between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia (IA). This study evaluated the differences in postoperative delirium and morbidity between patients who underwent either TIVA or IA.

Comparing the effects of peripheral nerve block and general anesthesia with general anesthesia alone on postoperative delirium and complications in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide database.

Introduction: The difference between the effects of peripheral nerve block (PNB) with general anesthesia (GA) and GA alone on the patients' postoperative clinical outcomes remains unknown. We assessed whether there is a difference in postoperative delirium and composite morbidity between patients receiving GA with PNB and GA alone using a national clinical database in Japan.

Methods: We compared the outcomes of patients receiving GA with PNB and GA alone from April 2016 to October 2019.

Correlation between kinesthetic motor imagery of an amputated limb and phantom limb pain.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a frequent painful sensation in amputees, and motor imagery (MI) is a useful approach for the treatment of this type of pain. However, it is not clear regarding the best MI modality for PLP.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the PLP and MI modality in upper limb amputees.

Quantitative evaluation of abnormal finger movements in myelopathy hand during the grip and release test using gyro sensors.

Previous studies have reported qualitative characteristics of myelopathy hand, but few studies have reported quantitative kinematic parameters of this condition. Our purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the abnormal finger movements in patients with cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM) (termed myelopathy hand) and to understand the characteristics of myelopathy hand during the grip and release test (GRT) using gyro sensors. Sixty patients with CCM (severe: n = 30; mild-to-moderate: n = 30) and sixty healthy adults (age-matched control: n = 30; young control: n = 30) were included in this study.

Relationship between pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy in patients with frozen shoulder: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy are useful for predicting pain; these are associated with pain intensity and facilitate evaluation of psychological factors. However, it remains unclear whether the effects are direct or indirect in patients with frozen shoulder; the impact on each variable has also not been clarified. Thus, this study aimed to examine the structural relationship between pain catastrophizing, self-efficacy, and pain intensity in patients with frozen shoulder.

AutoFlow® versus volume-controlled ventilation for laparoscopic gynecological surgery using LMA® ProSeal™: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: During laparoscopic gynecological surgery, increased peak airway pressure (PAWP) can cause airway leak upon ventilation with the LMA® ProSeal™. We hypothesized that compared with the use of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), the use of the AutoFlow® mode would decrease PAWP and airway leak during laparoscopic gynecological surgery with LMA ProSeal.

Methods: This single-center, randomized, controlled trial allocated 80 adult women undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery to one of two groups, namely, the AutoFlow group or the VCV group.

Effectiveness of simple body image evaluation and manipulation for chronic pain: a case report.

Unlabelled: Arai N, Yoshimura M, Yamamoto S, Abe H, Hanayama K. Effectiveness of simple body image evaluation and manipulation for chronic pain: A case report. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2021; 12: 15-18.

Skin temperature changes after ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block (SFIB) is widely used as regional anesthesia of the hip and thigh. It is difficult to judge the blocking effect and the spreading local anesthesia. We hypothesize that the effect and spread of the block could be proven objectively by a rise in the temperature.

The usefulness of Smart Pilot View for fast recovery from desflurane general anesthesia.

Introduction: Smart Pilot View (SPV) (Dräger Medical) provide information about the estimated drug effect of anesthetic drugs. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to evaluated the recovery time in SPV-guided general anesthesia compared with usual practice in patients with desflurane general anesthesia.

Method: Thirty-four American Society of Anesthesiologist's physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study.

Anesthetic management for a patient with myotonic dystrophy with remimazolam.

Background: Patients with myotonic dystrophy may have increased sensitivity to drugs used for anesthesia. We successfully managed general anesthesia in a patient with myotonic dystrophy using a novel intravenous anesthetic, remimazolam.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 46-year-old man, 169 cm in height, and weighing 60 kg.

Realist evaluation of interprofessional education in primary care through transprofessional role play: what primary care professionals learn together.

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is vital to primary care. Improving IPC requires cooperation between medical and other healthcare professionals. Transprofessional role plays can enhance the quality of IPC; thus, in this study, we conducted transprofessional role plays, based on existing theories regarding IPC and medical education, with healthcare professionals in primary care.