Ectopic adipose tissue in subsistence populations with minimal coronary disease, large left atria, and very low rates of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Greater deposits of epicardial adipose tissue are associated with atrial fibrillation and coronary disease, but have not been studied in subsistence populations.

Methods: We performed CT imaging to measure coronary artery and thoracic aortic calcium (CAC, TAC), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), liver density, and left atrial (LA) anteroposterior diameter and, using a deep learning-enabled software program, epicardial and thoracic fat volume (EFV, TFV), in two remote Amerindian subsistence populations with minimal coronary artery calcification and virtually no atrial fibrillation. We compared 893 adult Tsimane (mean age 58.

Can External Neuromodulation Garments Improve Gait and Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy? A Prospective Single-Arm Study.

Introduction: The Exopulse Mollii Suit is an external electrical stimulation garment that is designed to reduce spasticity through electrical stimulation of targeted muscles. Our aims were to study the impact of the garment in improving gait and function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Individuals aged 4-18 years with spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III were included for a prospective single-arm study from January 2021 to January 2022.

Glass injuries seen in a paediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore: An epidemiology study.

Lacerations rank as the most common paediatric injury that requires a physician evaluation. Glass is a frequent cause of such lacerations, however there is currently little to no information on this. Hence, this paper aims to describe the burden and characteristics of such injuries in Singapore.

Complete remodelling post-intralesional resection of an aggressive proximal humerus aneurysmal bone cyst mimicking telangiectatic osteosarcoma.

We describe a case of an aggressive proximal humerus aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) mimicking telangiectatic osteosarcoma with complete remodelling and reconstitution of the bone. A boy in middle childhood presented with a pathological fracture preceded by progressive right shoulder pain and swelling. Imaging and open biopsy supported the diagnosis of primary ABC with positive ubiquitin-specific protease 6 gene fusion.

Synergistic SERS Enhancement of Highly Sensitive and Reusable rGO-Ag-ZrO Thin Film Nanocomposite to Detect Synthetic Textile Dyes.

The textile industry is one of the main industries that benefited from the industrial revolution. Therefore, discharging of dyes from textile, paper, plastic, and rubber industries is inevitable. This colored wastewater prevents sunlight penetration and highly affects water sources.

Flower-like Ag-decked non-stoichiometric BiO/rGO hybrid nanocomposite SERS substrates for an effective detection of Rhodamine 6G dye molecules.

In early years, SERS-active substrates were generally noble metals. However, their practical applications were limited due to their poor biocompatibility, low uniformity and high cost. Recently, the utilization of semiconductor SERS-active substrates has greatly expanded the applications of SERS in many fields.

"Right Into the Center": A Semantic Analysis of Direction in Operating Room Instruction.

Objective: In our previous work, teaching surgeons used potentially ambiguous language in the OR 12.3 times per minute. Our objectives were to examine ambiguous examples featuring Directional Frame of Reference (DFoR), which involves instructions containing directional terms like "up" or "left," and to uncover what contributes to understanding or misunderstanding of such instruction.

Systematic review of paediatric pulseless pink humerus supracondylar fractures.

The supracondylar humeral fracture (SCHF) is the most common fracture seen in children, forming up to 70% of all pediatric elbow fractures. The decision to surgically explore the brachial artery in a well-perfused, pulseless arm remains a controversial one among vascular and orthopedic surgeons and is something we seek to explore in this article. We reviewed the literature from electronic databases such as PubMed and Embase for studies focusing on the management of the pink pulseless hand (PPH) following SCHF.

Validation of Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

Background: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test is widely used to measure change in olfactory function, but a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) has not been well-established. A study published in 1997 regarding patients with head trauma reported an MCID of 4 but did not detail the methods used in the calculation.

Objective: To validate the MCID for UPSIT in patients with postviral, sinusitis, and procedure-associated olfactory loss.

Improved Comfortability and Satisfaction of Hybrid-mesh Casts in the Conservative Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cast immobilization is the mainstay of treatment for stable pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs). In recent years, a waterproof and breathable hybrid-mesh (HM) cast has emerged and been marketed to address common complaints such as itch, skin irritation, and malodor. Hence, this randomized controlled trial seeks to assess the overall satisfaction, comfort, and clinical outcomes of using HM casts in the conservative treatment of stable pediatric SCHF.

Wide Resection for Pediatric Extremity Vascular Malformation-A Tertiary Hospital's Experience.

Background: Vascular malformations of the extremities (VM) are common benign lesions that tend to grow throughout the patient's lifetime. They can cause various issues like pain, swelling, and even limb length discrepancies. Sclerotherapy was the preferred treatment choice in previous studies.

Efficacy of Gabapentin For Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction: The GRACE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people and has become a dominant etiology of olfactory dysfunction (OD). No interventions with definitive clinical utility exist. Gabapentin represents a potential therapy for COVID-19-induced OD.

Exploiting frequent and specific expression of PRL3 in pediatric solid tumors for first-in-child use of PRL3-zumab humanized antibody.

Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) is a specific tumor antigen overexpressed in a broad range of adult cancer types. However, its physiological expression in pediatric embryonal and mesenchymal tumors and its association with clinical outcomes in children is unknown. We sought to profile the expression of PRL3 in pediatric tumors in relation to survival outcomes, expression of angiogenesis markers, and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling targets.

C-reactive protein of ≥ 20 mg/L and ultrasound finding of an effusion ≥ 7 mm has a high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing paediatric hip septic arthritis.

Purpose: Differentiating septic arthritis (SA) from transient synovitis (TS) in children remains a diagnostic challenge. Several algorithms have been developed to diagnose SA including Kocher's criteria and its subsequent modifications, but reports show variable efficacy. This study aims to examine the diagnostic utility of a novel method only using C-reactive protein (CRP) and ultrasound (US) findings of effusion in differentiating SA from TS, determine the optimal values for these predictors and validate this method against existing clinical predictors.

The utility of ultrasound and plain radiographs in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of follow-up radiological imaging in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in patients successfully treated with the Pavlik harness. A retrospective review was conducted on all children under 6 months diagnosed with DDH at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2004 and December 2018. Inclusion criteria included successful Pavlik harness treatment following a standardized protocol with complete radiological documentation at 2 years of age.

Increased clonal hematopoiesis involving DNA damage response genes in patients undergoing lung transplantation.

BACKGROUNDCellular stressors influence the development of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). We hypothesized that environmental, inflammatory, and genotoxic stresses drive the emergence of CH in lung transplant recipients. METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional cohort study of 85 lung transplant recipients to characterize CH prevalence.

Postoperative Hypocalcemia following Non-Cardiac Surgical Procedures in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

The guidelines for management of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) highlight the risk for developing hypocalcemia after surgery and recommend monitoring calcium perioperatively. Despite this guidance, little has been published on postoperative hypocalcemia and 22q11DS.

Development and Psychometric Validation of the Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating.

Importance: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an increasingly common and morbid condition, especially given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the ability to reproducibly measure smell loss-associated quality of life (QOL) and its response to treatment is paramount.

Objective: To develop and validate a concise and visually appealing smell loss-associated QOL patient-reported outcome measure for OD.

Epidemiology and outcome of septic arthritis in childhood: a 16-year experience and review of literature.

Introduction: Septic arthritis (SA) is a devastating infection with a high rate of sequelae. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the epidemiology, clinically significant sequelae and risk factors for developing these sequelae in children admitted to our hospital with SA.

Methods: Patients with bacteriologically and/or radiologically confirmed SA from January 1999 to December 2014 were identified from discharge and laboratory records.

Using the radiocoronoid line for diagnosis of elbow dislocation.

The radiocapitellar line (RCL) has been widely used to diagnose elbow dislocation. However, there are limitations to the RCL, with the cartilaginous portion of bone making interpretation of radiographs difficult. The study aims to show that the radiocoronoid line, which connects two points on the medial aspect of the radius, proximal to the radial tuberosity, is more suited to diagnose elbow dislocations in the anterior-posterior projection.

Retrospective analysis: risk factors predicting failure of closed reduction in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs).

Level IV.

Epidemiology of paediatric orthopaedic-related trauma injuries sustained across a lockdown period during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Lockdowns have been implemented by countries to slow down SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Singapore's lockdown was enforced between 7 April 2020 and 1 June 2020. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiology of paediatric orthopaedic trauma injuries during and immediately after the lockdown, with a non-pandemic period in 2019.

Rare right acetabulum aneurysmal bone cyst treated with curettage and local adjuvants in a 4-year-old girl.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are locally aggressive benign bone tumours with a high risk of recurrence. We describe a case in a 4-year-old girl, involving the right acetabulum. A direct posterior approach was used and the lesion ablated with curettage and local adjuvants with bone grafting.

Evaluation of risk factors associated with fragility fractures and recommendations to optimise bone health in children with long-term neurological condition.

Introduction: The growing years are paramount for bone growth and mineral accrual. Children with long-term neurological condition (LTNC) have multiple risk factors for poor bone health and fragility fractures. In Singapore, this has not been studied systematically.