Evaluation of the In Vitro Permeation Parameters of Topical Diclofenac Sodium from Transdermal Pentravan Products and Hydrogel Celugel Through Human Skin.

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative classified as a non-selective COX inhibitor. Similar to other NSAIDs, it is characterized by anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. Long-term therapy with diclofenac might also lead to severe gastrointestinal, renal, or cardiovascular systems disorders.

Two Cases of Symptomatic Tailgut Cysts.

Tailgut cysts are rare lesions which are found in the rectorectal space. They develop in the final section of the intestine from which the rectum and anus extend and vary from being asymptomatic to symptomatic due to pressure on organs or nerves. Tailgut cysts are more common in females, usually between 30 and 60 years of age.

A Representation of Metastatic Plasma Cell Myeloma as an Uncommonly Shaped Liver Tumor-A Case Report.

The presence of an oval-shaped lesion in the liver is mainly associated with either primary liver cancer or metastatic disease from another malignancy. However, we present the case of a 62-year-old patient diagnosed with plasma cell myeloma, which reveals that these kinds of lesions can also be found during the course of this disease. Rarity and non-specificity make this a very challenging diagnosis for radiologists.

Oncocytoma in adrenal gland.

Not required for Clinical Vignettes.

Analysis of Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead Concentrations in Erythrocytes of Renal Transplant Recipients from Northwestern Poland.

Cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) exhibit highly nephrotoxic properties, and their high concentrations can lead to renal failure. Much research has been conducted on the concentrations of heavy metals, microelements, and macroelements in the blood, but little is known about the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Hg in erythrocytes of renal recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the blood erythrocyte concentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).

Comparison of Copper Concentration Between Rejected Renal Grafts and Cancerous Kidneys.

In the body, disorders in the composition and concentration of trace elements, including copper, can lead to the development of various alterations that may result in incorrect functioning of the kidneys. Data on the concentrations of copper in human kidneys are discussed; however, little is known about the concentration of trace elements within rejected renal grafts and kidneys with tumor lesions. The aim of our study was to compare the copper concentration between cancerous kidneys and rejected renal grafts with the division on renal cortex and renal medulla.

The Concentration of Vanadium in Pathologically Altered Human Kidneys.

Vanadium has a unique and beneficial effect on both humans and animal organisms; however, excessive amount of the above-mentioned metal can cause many alterations in tissues and organs, including the kidneys. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of vanadium (V) in the kidneys removed from patients due to lesions of various etiologies, including the rejection of the transplanted kidneys. Additionally, we determined the influence of selected biological and environmental factors on the V concentration.

Cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in pathologically altered human kidneys.

Heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) act as nephrotoxic agents, particularly in the renal cortex. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in kidneys removed from patients due to lesions of various etiologies and from patients after the rejection of transplanted kidneys. Additionally, we determined the influence of selected biological and environmental factors on the concentrations of toxic metals.

Urinary Metalloproteinases-9 and -2 and Their Inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are Markers of Early and Long-Term Graft Function After Renal Transplantation.

Background/aims: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury (IRI) is an inseparable feature of organ transplantation and may have a negative impact on the graft, its function and survival. Acute tubular necrosis, which is reversible thanks to the regenerative capacity of renal tubular epithelial cells, is the main cause of acute renal failure secondary to IRI. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes involved in digesting proteins that are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the basement membrane of the nephrons.

CCL2 gene polymorphism is associated with post-transplant diabetes mellitus.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication after solid organ transplantation, especially in recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. Previous studies suggest that chronic inflammation and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can increase or decrease transcriptional activity and can change the production of chemokines.

Influence of the IL17A and IL17F gene polymorphisms on the long-term kidney allograft function and return to dialysis after kidney transplantation.

The immune response after allogenic transplantation is a complex phenomenon involving cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the IL17A and IL17F gene polymorphisms on long-term kidney allograft function, graft function loss/return to dialysis, and mortality after kidney transplantation. This study enrolled 269 Caucasian deceased donor renal transplant recipients.

Influence of AIF1 Gene Polymorphisms on Long-Term Kidney Allograft Function.

BACKGROUND Allograft inflammatory factor (AIF-1) is a recently studied cytoplasmic protein encoded by the AIF1 gene in humans. The main function of AIF-1 is in the chronic inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the rs2269475: C>T, rs2736182: G>A, and rs2259571: A>C AIF1 gene polymorphisms on long-term kidney allograft function and graft loss after kidney transplantation.

Adiponectin and leptin gene polymorphisms in patients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus.

Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common metabolic complication after organ transplantation and may be associated with the use of calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine). Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines and play an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion as well as glucose and lipid metabolism.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between adiponectin and leptin gene polymorphisms and development of PTDM.

Evaluation of renal graft function based on standard mathematical formulas.

Background: Creatinine is a standard marker for estimation of the transplanted kidney function. Concentration values are used in mathematical equations for GFR (glomerular filtration rate) calculation, with MDRD (modification diet in renal disease) being most commonly used. Cystatin C is an alternative marker for changes in glomerular filtration, which is also used in eGFR (estimated GFR) formulas.

N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase urine activity as a marker of early proximal tubule damage and a predictor of the long-term function of the transplanted kidneys.

Introduction: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a factor leading to the damages of the transplanted kidney, what affects mainly the proximal tubules. Early monitoring of tubule damage can be an efficient tool to predict the allograft dysfunction. Present in proximal tubules, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a lysosomal enzyme whose excretion rises as a result of IRI or acute rejection.

The impact of CTLA4 and PTPN22 genes polymorphisms on long-term renal allograft function and transplant outcomes.

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) downregulates the immune system. Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp)--PTPN22 protein--is suggested to be negative regulator of T-cell reaction. There are several polymorphisms in the CTLA4 and PTPN22 genes, which can influence the immune response and allograft function after kidney transplantation.

Solute transport at the start of peritoneal dialysis and the risk of peritonitis.

Background: In peritoneal dialysis (PD) approximately 40% of ultrafiltration (UF) during hypertonic dwell (mini-PET test) occurs as free water transport (FWT) through water channels, mainly aquaporin-1. Experimental studies have shown that aquaporin-1 plays a role in cell migration and inflammatory response.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate if FWT is associated with the incidence of PD-related peritonitis.

The impact of rs231775 (+49AG) CTLA4 gene polymorphism on transplanted kidney function.

Background: CTLA4 is expressed on the surface of T helper cells and has a suppressive role in the lymphocytes' activation process. It transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. Studies suggest that the rate of CTLA4 synthesis has a genetic background.

The effect of preservation solutions UW and EC on purine concentration in rat kidney.

Introduction: Ischemia/reperfusion injury in organ transplantation is a multifactor process that may lead to organ damage and primary graft dysfunction. Perfusion is a process which creates a possibility of graft injury. Preservation solutions are thought to diminish the ischemic injury and an appropriate choice of the solution should guarantee a better graft function and good prognosis for graft survival.

Changes in cytokine concentrations in graft renal vein during reperfusion in patients with and without delayed graft function.

Introduction: The impairment of organ function derived from ischemia-reperfusion injury is still an important problem in solid organ transplantation. Cell alterations induced by ischemia prime the tissue for the subsequent damage that occurs during the reperfusion phase. Despite recent advances in immunosuppressive therapy, delayed graft function (DGF) remains an important problem after kidney transplantation.

Early phase of reperfusion of human kidney allograft does not affect an erythrocyte anti-oxidative system.

Background: Generation of reactive oxygen specimens is the basic mechanism leading to ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the kidney graft. Oxygen burst is a trigger for sophisticated biochemical changes leading to generation of oxygenated lipids and changes in microcirculation, which recruit recipient's neutrophils and contribute to delayed graft function. It has been shown that the free radicals generation correlates with the activity of anti-oxidative system.