Urinary tract infection: is it time for a new approach considering a gender perspective and new microbial advances?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, particularly affecting women, with significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts. Despite advances in medical research, the diagnostic criteria for UTI have remained practically unchanged since Kass's seminal work, emphasizing the need for a reevaluation in light of new scientific insights. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the urobiome, a previously underappreciated community of microorganisms within the urinary tract (UT), and its role in maintaining urogenital health.

Broaden properties of ambroxol hydrochloride as an antibiofilm compound.

Biofilm-associated microorganisms can cause many infections and are an important cause of resistance to several antimicrobials. The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for new therapeutic tools. Ambroxol is frequently used as a mucolytic agent in respiratory diseases with increased mucus production.

Presence of intracellular bacterial communities in uroepithelial cells, a potential reservoir in symptomatic and non-symptomatic people.

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in humans, affecting women in more proportion. The bladder was considered sterile, but it has a urinary microbiome. Moreover, intracellular bacteria (IB) were observed in uroepithelial cells from children and women with urinary tract infections (UTIs).

In house-development of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of Escherichia coli in urine samples.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health concern. Urine culture is the "gold standard" for UTI diagnosis but takes 48h. Rapid methods like dipstick tests are used as point-of-care tests.

Gold-, silver- and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles prevents the formation of and eradicates bacterial biofilms.

This work aimed to synthesize magnesium-doped zinc oxide, silver and gold nanoparticles (Nps) and to evaluate their potential to prevent and eradicate , , , and biofilms. The Nps were synthesized by precipitation and metallic reduction techniques. Physicochemical and biological characterization of Nps was performed.

Antibiotic susceptibility and fosfomycin resistance characterization in a cohort of children older than 6 years of age with urinary tract infection.

Fosfomycin tromethamol (FT) was reintroduced as an option for the treatment of low urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. In this study, we described the antibiotic sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance to fosfomycin in isolates from children older than 6 years with UTI. Urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility study were performed.

Selection of Effective Antibiotics for Uropathogenic Intracellular Bacteria Reduction.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent bacterial infections in humans, being Uropathogenic (UPEC), the most common etiological agent. The ability of UPEC to invade urothelial cells and to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBC) has been described. Therefore, UPEC can persist in the urinary tract producing recurrent infections, resisting antibiotic activity.

Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles alter biofilm formation of .

biofilms colonize medical devices, and their role in microbial pathogenesis is well established. Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO:MgO NPs) have potential antimicrobial properties; thus, we aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of ZnO:MgO NPs against biofilm. After synthesis and characterization of ZnO:MgO NPs and their addition to a polymer film, we evaluated the stages of biofilm development over glass coverslip covered by different concentrations of ZnO:MgO NPs.

Fosfomycin tromethamine activity on biofilm and intracellular bacterial communities produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection.

Fosfomycin tromethamine (FT), an old antibiotic revived as a new strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance, is an excellent option for the treatment of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). During UTI, Escherichia coli produces biofilms and could invade the bladder epithelial cells, developing intracellular bacterial communities (IBC). The present work aimed to evaluate the activity of FT on biofilms and IBC from clinical isolates of E.

Effect of different antibiotics on biofilm produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with urinary tract infection.

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently in children and women. Intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) and biofilm formation by Escherichia coli are risk factors for recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics on biofilms by E.

Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children from households with high socioeconomic level in uruguay.

Infectious diarrhea, a common disease of children, deserves permanent monitoring in all social groups. To know the etiology and clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea in children up to 5 years of age from high socioeconomic level households, we conducted a descriptive, microbiological, and clinical study. Stools from 59 children with acute community-acquired diarrhea were examined, and their parents were interviewed concerning symptoms and signs.

Urinary tract infection in Uruguayan children: Aetiology, antimicrobial resistance and uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulotyping.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most frequent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Virulence factors (VFs) of UPEC in children are not well known. Circulating antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the community are increasing.

Intracellular bacteria in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in children.

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The classic model of pathogenesis proposes the ascent of UPEC by the urethra and external adherence to the urothelium. Recently, the ability of UPEC to invade urothelial cells and to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) has been described.

[Neonatal cholestasis due to congenital toxoplasmosis. Case report].

Neonatal cholestasis is the manifestation of many different diseases. Its early etiological diagnosis is crucial, since treatment before 60 days of life changes the prognosis in children with biliary atresia. Congenital toxoplasmosis can be asymptomatic in the newborn, or have mainly neurological, ophthalmological or gastrointestinal symptoms (hepatomegaly, cholestatic jaundice).

[Treatment failure due to acquisition of antibiotic resistance: report of two clinical cases].

Objective: We describe two cases of treatment failure due to intra-treatment acquisition of antibiotic resistant microorganisms with the aim of highlighting the possible molecular mechanisms by which treatment failure occurred.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the clinical histories and the isolates obtained from 2 patients, one with a urinary tract infection (UTI) by E. coli, initially treated with cefuroxim (to which the isolate was susceptible), and another with osteoarthritis (OA) treated initially with meropenem plus vancomycin, developing K.

Detection of intracellular bacterial communities in a child with Escherichia coli recurrent urinary tract infections.

The formation of intracellular bacterial communities (IBC) has been proposed as a new pathogenic model for urinary tract infections. Scarce reports describe this phenomenon in humans. We describe the presence of IBC in uroepithelial cells of a child with recurrent urinary infections.

Polyclonal endemicity of Acinetobacter baumannii in ventilated patients in an intensive care unit in Uruguay.

Objectives: To identify the mechanisms responsible for respiratory infections by Acinetobacter baumannii in intubated patients and risk factors for digestive colonization and infection by A. baumannii.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in an intensive care unit (ICU) between May 2005 and November 2006, including 175 consecutive patients at the beginning of invasive ventilation (day 1).

First human isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis harboring blaCTX-M-14 in South America.

We studied a clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis showing resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of bla(CTX-M-14) linked to IS903 in a 95-kb IncI1 conjugative plasmid. Such a plasmid is maintained on account of the presence of a pndAC addiction system.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in enterobacterial clinical isolates in the paediatric hospital of Uruguay.

Objectives: To analyse the prevalence of resistance to β-lactams and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in the paediatric hospital of Uruguay.

Methods: A total of 368 enterobacterial isolates collected between 1 May and 30 November 2009 were studied for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), qnr alleles and aac(6')Ib by phenotypic and molecular methods. The genomic context and transferability of β-lactamase and qnr genes were examined by PCR and conjugation, respectively.

Detection of class 1 and 2 integrons, extended-spectrum β-lactamases and qnr alleles in enterobacterial isolates from the digestive tract of Intensive Care Unit inpatients.

In this study, we searched for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), class 1 and 2 integrons, and qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes in 56 oxyimino-cephalosporin and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacterial isolates obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of patients admitted in an Intensive Care Unit in Uruguay. ESBLs were detected in 11 isolates (6 CTX-M-2, 3 CTX-M-9, 1 CTX-M-15 and 1 PER-2). qnr genes and integrons were detected in 5 and 24 isolates, respectively.

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance evolution and detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in human isolates of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium obtained in Uruguay between 1976 and 2000.

Objectives: To study the evolution of antibiotic resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) obtained in Uruguay between the years 1976 and 2000, and to determine the incidence of class 1 and 2 integrons in the multi-resistant isolates.

Methods: We studied 258 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium from various sources, isolated between 1976 and 2000. We determined the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the distribution of class 1 and 2 integrons in all isolates by means of disk diffusion assays and PCR.