Fingerprint characteristics of refined oils and their traceability in the groundwater environment.

Chemical fingerprinting is essential for identifying the presence and responding to oil spills that frequently contaminate the groundwater environment of refineries. In this study, crude oil and oil products from the atmospheric and vacuum distillation units of a refinery were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate their chemical variability before and after refinery. A series of experiments involving evaporation and soil column penetration were conducted to simulate refined oil spilling into groundwater and determine appropriate characteristic ratios (CRs) for principal component analysis (PCA) for oil source identification.

Elevated thyroid hormones caused by high concentrate diets participate in hepatic metabolic disorders in dairy cows.

Objective: High concentrate diets are widely used to satisfy high-yielding dairy cows; however, long-term feeding of high concentrate diets can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). The endocrine disturbance is one of the important reasons for metabolic disorders caused by SARA. However, there is no current report about thyroid hormones involved in liver metabolic disorders induced by a high concentrate diet.

Whole transcriptome analysis of RNA expression profiles reveals the potential regulating action of long noncoding RNA in lactating cows fed a high concentrate diet.

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in the dairy farming industry which is usually caused by an excessive amount of high concentrate diet. SARA not only threatens animal welfare but also leads to economic losses in the farming industry. The liver plays an important role in the distribution of nutritional substances and metabolism; however, a high concentrate diet can cause hepatic metabolic disorders and liver injury.

Glucocorticoid receptors involved in melatonin inhibiting cell apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation caused by bacterial toxin pyocyanin in colon.

The immunoinhibitory effect of glucocorticoid and immunoenhancing attributes of melatonin (MEL) are well known, however, the involvement of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in melatonin modulation of bacterial toxins caused-inflammation has not been studied in colon. Pyocyanin (PCN), a toxin released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can destroy cells through generating superoxide products and inflammatory response. Here we report that PCN treatment elevated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further lead to mitochondrial swelling and caspase cascades activation both in vivo and in vitro.

Chronic Dexamethasone exposure activates the TLR4-Mediated inflammation pathway and induces epithelial apoptosis in the goat colon.

Chronic stress has a profound effect on health in both animals and humans. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is used to induce chronic stress in many studies. The impact of chronic stress on epithelial cells of hindgut of ruminants is still unknown.

Caspase-1-dependent mechanism mediating the harmful impacts of the quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone on the intestinal cells.

N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), a quorum-sensing (QS) molecule produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, adversly impacts host cells. Our previous study demonstrated that 3-oxo-C12-HSL induced a decrease in cell viability via cell apoptosis and eventually disrupted mucin synthesis from LS174T goblet cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cell apoptosis and whether pyroptosis was involved in this process are still unknown.

Chronic dexamethasone exposure retards growth without altering the digestive tract microbiota composition in goats.

Background: Dexamethasone (Dex), an artificially synthetic cortisol substitute, is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug, and is also employed to mimic the stress state experimentally. It is well known that chronic stress disturbs the gut microbiota community and digestive functions. However, no relevant studies have been conducted in ruminants.

Dexamethasone impacts zinc levels in goats by regulating zinc transportation in the colon and the metabolism in the liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on zinc metabolism in goats. In this study, 10 goats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was injected with dexamethasone (Dex group) and the other group was injected with saline (Con group).

N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone modulates mitochondrial function and suppresses proliferation in intestinal goblet cells.

Aims: The quorum-sensing molecule N‑(3‑oxododecanoyl)‑l‑homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), produced by the Gram negative human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, modulates mammalian cell behavior. Our previous findings suggested that C12-HSL rapidly decreases viability and induces apoptosis in LS174T goblet cells.

Main Methods: In this study, the effects of 100 μM C12-HSL on mitochondrial function and cell proliferation in LS174T cells treated for 4 h were evaluated by real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry.

Effects of chronic dexamethasone administration on hyperglycemia and insulin release in goats.

Background: Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is among the most commonly used drugs worldwide in animals and humans as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. GC has profound effects on plasma glucose level and other metabolic conditions. However, the effect of prolonged use of Dex on glucose metabolism in ruminants is still unclear.

Exploring differentially expressed genes related to metabolism by RNA-Seq in goat liver after dexamethasone treatment.

Chronic stress severely threatens the welfare and health of animals and humans. In order to study the effects of chronic stress on metabolism, de novo transcriptome sequencing was used to generate the expressed sequence tag dataset for the goat, using nextgeneration sequencing technology. For this study, consecutive dexamethasone (Dex) injection was used in 10 healthy male goats (body weight 25 ± 1.

Chronic dexamethasone exposure markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride accumulation in growing goats.

Chronic stress seriously threatens welfare and health in animals and humans. Consecutive dexamethasone (Dex) injection was used to mimic chronic stress previously. In order to investigate the effect of chronic stress on hepatic lipids metabolism, in this study, 10 healthy male goats were randomly allocated into two groups, one received a consecutive injection of Dex via intramuscularly for 3 weeks (Dex group), the other received the same volume of saline as the control group (Con group).

Transcriptome sequencing analysis of porcine granulosa cells treated with an anti-inhibin antibody.

Inhibin can regulate granulosa cell proliferation and function via direct action on granulosa cells, or indirectly through stimulation of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Thus far, it has not been possible to unravel or formulate the chain of molecular events that lead to enhanced granulosa cell proliferation and function using conventional gene expression analysis. The aim of this study was to examine the biological effects of immuno-neutralization of inhibin bioactivity in porcine granulosa cells using transcriptome profiling by the RNA-seq technology.

Lipopolysaccharide and heat stress impair the estradiol biosynthesis in granulosa cells via increase of HSP70 and inhibition of smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.

LPS and heat stress have been shown to exert various toxic effects in animals, as they induce estradiol biosynthesis dysfunction in granulosa cells (GCs) and result in low reproductive performance. However, there is limited information regarding their detailed mechanisms. In the present study, primary cultured porcine GCs were treated with LPS (1000ng/mL for 48h), or heat stress (41°C for 3h), in vitro, with or without the HSP70 inhibitor VER155008 (10μM), to investigate their potential mechanisms.