Exosomal small non-coding RNA profiling and the role of piRNA pathway genes in Lumpy skin disease virus-infected bovines.

Objective: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a reemerging viral disease impacting cattle and buffaloes, posing substantial economic risks. However, the expression profile of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in LSD virus (LSDV)-infected bovines has yet to be investigated. In this study, we employed small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to assess the expression of various ncRNAs in serum-derived exosomes from LSDV-infected bovines.

Factors Associated With Intention to Quit Among Male Smokers in Vietnam: Results From the Vietnam Population-Based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2022-2023.

This study seeks to extensively examine the intentions of Vietnamese male smokers to quit, delving into key factors associated with their inclination toward smoking cessation to gain insights to inform and enhance tobacco control initiatives in the country. The data in this cross-sectional study was informed by the Vietnam Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) 2022-2023. A total of 35 974 male smokers aged 15 years and older from 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam were surveyed regarding their intentions to quit.

Differentially Expressed miRNA Profiles in Serum-Derived Exosomes from Cattle Infected with Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Exosomal miRNAs from individual cells are crucial in regulating the immune response to infectious diseases. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) analysis to identify the expressed and associated exosomal miRNAs in the serum of cattle infected with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Cattle were infected with a 10 TCID50/mL LSDV Vietnam/HaTinh/CX01 (HT10) strain and exosomal miRNA expression in the serum of infected cattle was analyzed using small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq).

DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability.

Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors for a wide range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed "DrugMap," an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines.

Palliative Care Needs and Responses Among Lung Cancer Patients: Insights from a Provincial Hospital in Vietnam.

Background: Cancer remains a global health challenge, with rising incidence and mortality rates despite advancements in prevention and treatment. In 2022, cancer was the second leading cause of death worldwide, contributing to approximately 9.7 million deaths and 20 million new cases.

DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability.

Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors of a wide-range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed , an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines.

The Utilization of Machine Learning Algorithms for Assisting Physicians in the Diagnosis of Diabetes.

This paper investigates the use of machine learning algorithms to aid medical professionals in the detection and risk assessment of diabetes. The research employed a dataset gathered from individuals with type 2 diabetes in Ninh Binh, Vietnam. A variety of classification algorithms, including Decision Tree Classifier, Logistic Regression, SVC, Ada Boost Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and K Neighbors Classifier, were utilized to identify the most suitable algorithm for the dataset.

Lower Extremity Nerve Conduction Abnormalities in Vietnamese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study on Peripheral Neuropathy and Its Correlation with Glycemic Control and Renal Function.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that results in nerve conduction abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the parameters of nerve conduction in lower extremities among T2DM patients in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 T2DM patients aged 18 years and older, diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association's criteria.

Synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified liposomes to deliver Murrayafoline A for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common type of cancer associated with a high mortality rate. Among several bioactive compounds, Murrayafoline A (MuA) has been proved as a bio substance that exhibits great potentials in treating liver cancer. In order to overcome the high cytotoxicity and low solubility of MuA, a delivery system based on nanocarriers is necessary to deliver MuA towards the desired target.

A low-cost, flexible extruder for liposomes synthesis and application for Murrayafoline A delivery for cancer treatment.

Liposomal encapsulation is a drug delivery strategy with many advantages, such as improved bioavailability, ability to carry large drug loads, as well as controllability and specificity towards various targeted diseased tissues. Currently, most preparation techniques require an additional extrusion or filtering step to obtain monodisperse liposomes with the size of less than 100 nm. In this study, a compact liposome extruder was designed at a cost of $4.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15.

GPR15 is a chemoattractant receptor that facilitates colon homing of regulatory and effector CD4 T cells in health and colitis. The molecular mechanisms that control GPR15 expression are not fully known. Here we report the presence of two highly conserved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding sequences in a 3' enhancer of GPR15, leading us to investigate AHR function in regulating GPR15 expression.

Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation.

Secondary bile acids (SBAs) are derived from primary bile acids (PBAs) in a process reliant on biosynthetic capabilities possessed by few microbes. To evaluate the role of BAs in intestinal inflammation, we performed metabolomic, microbiome, metagenomic, and transcriptomic profiling of stool from ileal pouches (surgically created resevoirs) in colectomy-treated patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) versus controls (familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP]). We show that relative to FAP, UC pouches have reduced levels of lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid (normally the most abundant gut SBAs), genes required to convert PBAs to SBAs, and Ruminococcaceae (one of few taxa known to include SBA-producing bacteria).

Refining Protein Penetration into the Lipid Bilayer Using Fluorescence Quenching and Molecular Dynamics Simulations: The Case of Diphtheria Toxin Translocation Domain.

Dynamic disorder of the lipid bilayer presents a challenge for establishing structure-function relationships in membranous systems. The resulting structural heterogeneity is especially evident for peripheral and spontaneously inserting membrane proteins, which are not constrained by the well-defined transmembrane topology and exert their action in the context of intimate interaction with lipids. Here, we propose a concerted approach combining depth-dependent fluorescence quenching with Molecular Dynamics simulation to decipher dynamic interactions of membrane proteins with the lipid bilayers.

Dominant Role for Regulatory T Cells in Protecting Females Against Pulmonary Hypertension.

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening condition associated with immune dysregulation and abnormal regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, but it is currently unknown whether and how abnormal Treg function differentially affects males and females.

Objective: To evaluate whether and how Treg deficiency differentially affects male and female rats in experimental PH.

Methods And Results: Male and female athymic rats, lacking Tregs, were treated with the VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) inhibitor SU5416 or chronic hypoxia and evaluated for PH; some animals underwent Treg immune reconstitution before SU5416 administration.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands in Cigarette Smoke Induce Production of Interleukin-22 to Promote Pancreatic Fibrosis in Models of Chronic Pancreatitis.

Background & Aims: Cigarette smoke has been identified as an independent risk factor for chronic pancreatitis (CP). Little is known about the mechanisms by which smoking promotes development of CP. We assessed the effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands found in cigarette smoke on immune cell activation in humans and pancreatic fibrosis in animal models of CP.

Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon.

Leukocyte trafficking to the small and large intestines is tightly controlled to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, mediate immune responses, and regulate inflammation. A wide array of chemoattractants, chemoattractant receptors, and adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes, mucosal endothelium, epithelium, and stromal cells controls leukocyte recruitment and microenvironmental localization in intestine and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Naive lymphocytes traffic to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes where they undergo antigen-induced activation and priming; these processes determine their memory/effector phenotypes and imprint them with the capacity to migrate via the lymph and blood to the intestines.

A Thermo-Sensitive Delivery Platform for Topical Administration of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapies.

Systemic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease are associated with an increased risk of infections and malignancies. Topical therapies reduce systemic exposure, but can be difficult to retain or have limited proximal distribution. To mitigate these issues, we developed a thermo-sensitive platform, using a polymer-based system that is liquid at room temperature but turns into a viscous gel on reaching body temperature.

Role and species-specific expression of colon T cell homing receptor GPR15 in colitis.

Lymphocyte recruitment maintains intestinal immune homeostasis but also contributes to inflammation. The orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 mediates regulatory T cell homing and immunosuppression in the mouse colon. We show that GPR15 is also expressed by mouse TH17 and TH1 effector cells and is required for colitis in a model that depends on the trafficking of these cells to the colon.

SU5416, a VEGF receptor inhibitor and ligand of the AHR, represents a new alternative for immunomodulation.

The experimental compound SU5416 went as far as Phase III clinical trials as an anticancer agent, putatively because of its activity as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, but showed poor results. Here, we show that SU5416 is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist with unique properties. Like TCDD, SU5416 favors induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in immunologically relevant populations such as dendritic cells in an AHR-dependent manner, leading to generation of regulatory T-cells in vitro.

D-amino acid oxidase generates agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor from D-tryptophan.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is well-known for its role in mediating the toxic and adaptive responses to xenobiotic compounds. Recent studies also indicate that AHR ligands are endogenously produced and may be essential for normal development. Previously, we showed that the endogenous enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), generates the AHR proagonist, indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P), by deamination of its substrate L-tryptophan.

Structural identification of Diindole agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor derived from degradation of indole-3-pyruvic acid.

Aerobic incubation of the tryptophan transamination/oxidation product indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C yielded products with activity as Ah receptor (AHR) agonists. The extracts were fractionated using HPLC and screened for AHR agonist activity.

A hypomorphic allele of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-associated protein-9 produces a phenocopy of the AHR-null mouse.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-associated protein-9 (ARA9) is a chaperone of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR has been shown to play a late developmental role in the normal closure of a fetal hepatovascular shunt known as the ductus venosus (DV). Given that Ara9-null mice display early embryonic lethality, we generated a hypomorphic Ara9 allele (designated Ara9(fxneo)) that displays reduced ARA9 protein expression.

The search for endogenous activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

The primary design of this perspective is to describe the major ligand classes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). A grander objective is to provide models that may help define the physiological activator or "endogenous ligand" of the AHR. We present evidence supporting a developmental role for the AHR and propose mechanisms by which an endogenous ligand and consequent AHR activation might be important during normal physiology and development.