In Vivo Safety and Efficacy of Thiosemicarbazones in Experimental Mice Infected with Oocysts.

: is a globally widespread parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease with significant impact on both human and animal health. The current lack of safe and effective treatments underscores the need for new drugs. Earlier, thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) and their metal complexes have shown promising activities against .

Effects of doxycycline on prepatent and patent infections of Brugia pahangi in dogs and observations on the growth and survival of L in jirds and dogs.

The effects of doxycycyline administered orally at 10 mg/kg twice daily for 30-day periods in 20 Beagles with SC-induced infections of Brugia pahangi and the effects of treatment on in vivo development of L3 fed on blood from these dogs was studied. Doxycycline was administered on Days 0-29, 40-69 or 65-94, with an untreated control. No worms were recovered from dogs treated on Days 0-29, while all dogs treated on Days 40-69 and 65-94 had some live, stunted worms at necropsy on 218-22 days PI.

Proceedings from the Fourth Mesoamerican Symposium "Dr. Roberto Navarro López" on Emerging Zoonotic Disease and Arboviruses: Commenting Insights and Research Findings.

Zoonotic pathogens such as arboviruses, arenaviruses, filoviruses, coronaviruses, highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) viruses, vesiculoviruses, and many others are emerging and reemerging worldwide, jeopardizing global veterinary and public health. Parasitic diseases such as visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis (), myiasis, and river blindness () are also paramount for public health in the Americas and elsewhere. In the fall 2024, a group of experts convened in Chiapas, Mexico, for the Fourth Mesoamerican Symposium "Dr.

Preliminary data on the vector competence of Aedes caspius for Dirofililaria immitis in a traditionally endemic area of northern Italy.

Background: Dirofilaria immitis, the agent of canine and feline heartworm disease, and Dirofilaria repens, the agent of subcutaneous dirofilariosis, are widespread mosquito-borne helminths. The present study is aimed at updating current knowledge of the composition of potential vector species in the northern region of Emilia-Romagna, a traditionally endemic area for D. immitis and D.

SARS-CoV-2 lineage-dependent temporal phylogenetic distribution and viral load in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.

Objectives: Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised hosts, although well documented, remain a relatively unexplored mechanism. This study aims to compare the viral replication load and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients and non-immunocompromised individuals (NICs) from two major hospitals in Paris from January 2021 to May 2023.

Methods: Cycle threshold (CT) values were measured by TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Transient Adaptation of to Exposure by Thiosemicarbazone Drugs That Target Ribosomal Proteins Is Associated with the Upregulated Expression of Tachyzoite Transmembrane Proteins and Transporters.

Thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes have been studied for their biological activities against bacteria, cancer cells and protozoa. Short-term in vitro treatment with one gold (III) complex (C3) and its salicyl-thiosemicarbazone ligand (C4) selectively inhibited proliferation of . Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) detected transient structural alterations in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the tachyzoite cytoplasm, but the mitochondrial membrane potential appeared unaffected by these compounds.

Aedes albopictus saliva contains a richer microbial community than the midgut.

Background: Past findings demonstrate that arthropods can egest midgut microbiota into the host skin leading to dual colonization of the vertebrate host with pathogens and saliva microbiome. A knowledge gap exists on how the saliva microbiome interacts with the pathogen in the saliva. To fill this gap, we need to first define the microbial composition of mosquito saliva.

in Italian Cats and the Risk of Exposure by .

, the agent of canine and feline heartworm disease (HWD), is a widespread mosquito-borne helminth. The true prevalence of HW infection in cats is likely underestimated due to the difficulty in establishing a definitive diagnosis. a recognized competent vector for , is currently considered the most invasive mosquito species worldwide and Italy presents the highest abundance of in Europe.

Surveillance and Genetic Analysis of Jamestown Canyon Virus in New York State: 2001-2022.

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) (Peribunyavirdae; Orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne pathogen endemic to North America. The genome is composed of three segmented negative-sense RNA fragments designated as small, medium, and large. Jamestown Canyon virus is an emerging threat to public health, and infection in humans can cause severe neurological diseases, including encephalitis and meningitis.

How Italian practitioners manage dirofilariosis in dogs and cats? Data of a second national survey.

The zoonotic nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are endemic in many European countries and their distribution is changing. A correct diagnosis is the starting point to reduce their spread and veterinary practitioners represent the first line of defense against these two vector-borne diseases in pets and humans. With the aim to better understand current knowledge by veterinarians and to compare them with the previous survey, an online questionnaire was sent to Italian companion animal veterinary facilities.

Efficacy of topical administration of prallethrin-permethrin-piperonyl butoxide (Bronco® Equine Fly Spray) for the treatment and control of flies and other nuisance insects of horses.

Numerous biting and nuisance insects are a noted cause of discomfort and stress to horses. Pyrethrins and pyrethroids have been used for many years in numerous formulations for the control of insect pests in animals, humans and environment. There are, however, few studies reporting their field efficacy in horses.

A Prototype-Pathogen Approach for the Development of Flavivirus Countermeasures.

Flaviviruses are a genus within the Flaviviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are transmitted principally through mosquito and tick vectors. These viruses are responsible for hundreds of millions of human infections worldwide per year that result in a range of illnesses from self-limiting febrile syndromes to severe neurotropic and viscerotropic diseases and, in some cases, death. A vaccine against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been deployed for 85 years and is highly effective.

Diversity and geographic distribution of haplotypes of Dirofilaria immitis across European endemic countries.

Background: Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm, is one of the most important parasitic nematodes of domestic dogs, causing a potentially serious disease, cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis, which can be lethal. This species seems to be less 'expansive' than its sister species Dirofilaria repens, and it is believed that climate change facilitates the spread of this parasite to new non-endemic regions.

Methods: In total, 122 heartworm isolates were analysed from nine endemic countries in Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine) and a single isolate from Bangladesh by amplification and sequencing of two mitochondrial (mt) DNA markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH).

Cefiderocol Treatment for Severe Infections due to Difficult-to-Treat-Resistant Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli in ICU Patients: A Case Series and Narrative Literature Review.

Cefiderocol (FDC) is a siderophore cephalosporin now recognized as a new weapon in the treatment of difficult-to-treat-resistant (DTR) Gram-negative pathogens, including carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). This article reports our experience with an FDC-based regimen in the treatment of 16 extremely severe patients (invasive mechanical ventilation, 15/16; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 9/16; and renal replacement therapy, 8/16) infected with DTR GNB. Our case series provides detailed insight into the pharmacokinetic profile and the microbiological data in real-life conditions.

Dynamics of eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes a rare but severe disease in horses and humans and is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between songbirds and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes. In 2019, the largest EEEV outbreak in the United States for more than 50 years occurred, centered in the Northeast. To explore the dynamics of the outbreak, we sequenced 80 isolates of EEEV and combined them with existing genomic data.

Diagnostic challenges for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection in cats from endemic areas in Italy.

Background: The lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infects wild and domestic feline species worldwide and is considered a primary respiratory parasite of cats. Definitive diagnosis is based on the identification of first-stage larvae (L1s) released in faeces approximately 5 to 6 weeks after infection. More recently, serology has been shown to be a diagnostic alternative for A.

Phylogeographic reconstruction of the emergence and spread of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States.

Powassan virus is an emerging tick-borne virus of concern for public health, but very little is known about its transmission patterns and ecology. Here, we expanded the genomic dataset by sequencing 279 Powassan viruses isolated from ticks from the northeastern United States. Our phylogeographic reconstructions revealed that Powassan virus lineage II was likely introduced or emerged from a relict population in the Northeast between 1940 and 1975.

Dynamics of Eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes a rare but severe disease in horses and humans, and is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between songbirds and mosquitoes. In 2019, the largest EEEV outbreak in the United States for more than 50 years occurred, centered in the Northeast. To explore the dynamics of the outbreak, we sequenced 80 isolates of EEEV and combined them with existing genomic data.

Efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin combined with doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs.

Background: Several studies in both experimentally and naturally infected dogs have reported the adulticide effect of a combination of macrocyclic lactones and doxycycline against Dirofilaria immitis, showing that these protocols can be used as an alternative to melarsomine. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin when combined with doxycycline in dogs naturally infected with D. immitis from a shelter located in southern Italy.

Evaluation of an open forecasting challenge to assess skill of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease prediction.

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness in the continental USA. WNV occurrence has high spatiotemporal variation, and current approaches to targeted control of the virus are limited, making forecasting a public health priority. However, little research has been done to compare strengths and weaknesses of WNV disease forecasting approaches on the national scale.