Impacts of immune checkpoint inhibitors use on the HIV reservoir are linked to provirus sequences but not integration sites.

Antibodies to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) and Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) can revert HIV latency and enhance anti-HIV cytotoxic response but their impact on HIV proviral sequences and integration landscape in people with HIV (PWH) remain to be studied. Two PWH treated with PD-1/PDL-1 and one with PD-1/CTLA4 were studied among the ANRS-CO-24 OncoVIHAC cohort study. Matched integration site and proviral sequencing were performed pre- and post-treatment.

SARS-CoV-2 lineage-dependent temporal phylogenetic distribution and viral load in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.

Objectives: Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised hosts, although well documented, remain a relatively unexplored mechanism. This study aims to compare the viral replication load and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients and non-immunocompromised individuals (NICs) from two major hospitals in Paris from January 2021 to May 2023.

Methods: Cycle threshold (CT) values were measured by TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Changes in NNRTI use have not altered the ecology of NNRTI resistance over the last 10 years in people with HIV experiencing virological failure on antiretroviral drugs.

Background: We aimed to determine how non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance profiles have changed over the last decade in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) experiencing virological failure on all antiretroviral treatments, including different NNRTIs.

Materials And Methods: We analysed the use of the different NNRTIs in PLWHIV treated with antiretroviral drugs at an academic centre and the HIV NNRTI resistance profiles observed in cases of virological failure over the last 10 years (2014-23). We used the latest ANRS-MIE algorithm (v33; https://hivfrenchresistance.

Clearance of archived integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance mutations in people with virologically suppressed HIV infection.

Introduction: We assessed the kinetics of the clearance of integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance mutations (INSTIs-RMs) and associated factors from people living with HIV (PWH) displaying suppressed viral replication after virological failure (VF) on an INSTI regimen.

Patients And Methods: We included PWH with HIV-RNA viral loads ≤20 copies/mL for at least 5 years in whom INSTIs-RM had been identified at least once in a prior RNA resistance genotyping test. HIV DNAs were sequenced by Sanger sequencing (SS) and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS; detection threshold: 5%) every year over the preceding 5 years.

Rapid tests should be used with caution for HIV-1 primary infection screening.

Rapid tests allow outpatient, low cost, reliable, screening for chronic HIV infection. However, data regarding their sensitivity on primary infection remain scarce. The objective of this study was to assess sensitivity of nine HIV rapid tests for primary HIV-1 infection screening.

The RT M184V resistance mutation clearance in the reservoir is mainly related to CD4 nadir and viral load zenith independently of therapeutic regimen type.

Objectives: Resistance associated mutations (RAMs) are archived in the HIV reservoir and can re-emerge with an inappropriate ART use limiting treatment options. However, recent studies, using ultra-deep sequencing (UDS), showed a decrease of quasispecies harbouring RAMs, suggesting that recycling some antiretrovirals could be considered. The aim of this study was to characterize, in HIV treated PLWHIV, the M184V mutation decrease kinetics in proviral DNA and associated factors of M184V mutation clearance over time.

Spike Protein Genetic Evolution in Patients at High Risk of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treated by Monoclonal Antibodies.

Background: High-risk patients, often immunocompromised and not responding to vaccine, continue to experience severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and death. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were shown to be effective to prevent severe COVID-19 for these patients. Nevertheless, concerns about the emergence of resistance mutations were raised.