Exploring the Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Activity of Phenylaminonaphthoquinones-Green Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Study.

Organic compounds with antibacterial and antiparasitic properties are gaining significance for biomedical applications. This study focuses on the solvent-free synthesis (green synthesis) of 1,4-naphthoquinone or 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with different phenylamines using silica gel as an acid solid support. The study also includes in silico PASS predictions and the discovery of antibacterial and antiparasitic properties of phenylaminonaphthoquinone derivatives -, which can be further applied in drug discovery and development.

Deciphering anti-infectious compounds from Peruvian medicinal extract library through multiplexed assays and chemical profiling.

High prevalence of parasitic or bacterial infectious diseases in some world areas is due to multiple reasons, including a lack of an appropriate health policy, challenging logistics and poverty. The support to research and development of new medicines to fight infectious diseases is one of the sustainable development goals promoted by World Health Organization (WHO). In this sense, the traditional medicinal knowledge substantiated by ethnopharmacology is a valuable starting point for drug discovery.

Antifungal and Herbicidal Potential of Essential Oils from the Peruvian Amazonia.

The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from ten Peruvian Piper species (Piper coruscans, Pc; P. tuberculatum, Pt; P. casapiense, Pcs; P.

Evolutionary analyses of the major variant surface antigen-encoding genes reveal population structure of Plasmodium falciparum within and between continents.

Malaria remains a major public health problem in many countries. Unlike influenza and HIV, where diversity in immunodominant surface antigens is understood geographically to inform disease surveillance, relatively little is known about the global population structure of PfEMP1, the major variant surface antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The complexity of the var multigene family that encodes PfEMP1 and that diversifies by recombination, has so far precluded its use in malaria surveillance.

Metabolomic approach of the antiprotozoal activity of medicinal Piper species used in Peruvian Amazon.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In the Peruvian Amazon as in the tropical countries of South America, the use of medicinal Piper species (cordoncillos) is common practice, particularly against symptoms of infection by protozoal parasites. However, there is few documented information about the practical aspects of their use and few scientific validation. The starting point of this work was a set of interviews of people living in six rural communities from the Peruvian Amazon (Alto Amazonas Province) about their uses of plants from Piper genus: one community of Amerindian native people (Shawi community) and five communities of mestizos.

Population Structure Shapes Copy Number Variation in Malaria Parasites.

If copy number variants (CNVs) are predominantly deleterious, we would expect them to be more efficiently purged from populations with a large effective population size (Ne) than from populations with a small Ne. Malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) provide an excellent organism to examine this prediction, because this protozoan shows a broad spectrum of population structures within a single species, with large, stable, outbred populations in Africa, small unstable inbred populations in South America and with intermediate population characteristics in South East Asia. We characterized 122 single-clone parasites, without prior laboratory culture, from malaria-infected patients in seven countries in Africa, South East Asia and South America using a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism/CNV microarray.

Antiparasitic indole alkaloids from Aspidosperma desmanthum and A. spruceanum from the Peruvian Amazonia.

Twenty-three indole alkaloids were isolated from Aspidosperma desmanthum and A. spruceanum. Alkaloids 1-4 were isolated from the leaves, 5-8 from the stem bark and 9-15 from the root bark of A.

Antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and cytotoxic screening of ethnopharmacologically selected Peruvian plants.

Extracts (34) from eight plant species of the Peruvian Amazonia currently used in traditional Peruvian medicine, mostly as antileishmanial remedies and also as painkiller, antiseptic, antipyretic, anti-inflamatory, antiflu, astringent, diuretic, antipoison, anticancerous, antiparasitic, insecticidal, or healing agents, have been tested for their antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and cytotoxic activity. Plant species were selected based on interviews conducted with residents of rural areas. The different plant parts were dried, powdered, and extracted by maceration with different solvents (hexane, chloroform, and 70% ethanol-water).

Indole alkaloids from Aspidosperma rigidum and A. schultesii and their antiparasitic effects.

Five oxindole alkaloids, three plumerane-type alkaloids, subtype haplophitine, and one aspidospermatane-type alkaloid, subtype tubotaiwine, were isolated from the medicinal plants Aspidosperma rigidum and A. schultesii. One compound was identified as the transoid conformer of 18-oxo-O-methylaspidoalbine which was not previously described.

Bioactive cinchona alkaloids from Remijia peruviana.

Three known Cinchona alkaloids of the quinine type, quinine (1), cupreine (2), cinchonine (3), and the possible artifact cinchonine-HCl (3-HCl), along with two new ones, acetylcupreine (4) and N-ethylquinine (5), have been isolated from the bark of Remijia peruviana (Rubiaceae). Their stereochemical structures were established by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Alkaloids 2-4 had antifeedant effects on Leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies.

Structural diversity and defensive properties of norditerpenoid alkaloids.

We have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids on Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata including eserine (physostigmine), anabasine, and atropine. Antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. The most active antifeedants to L.

Five new alkaloids from the leaves of Remijia peruviana.

Three new indolylquinuclidine-type alkaloids, remijinine (1), epiremijinine (2), and 5-acetyl-apocinchonamine (3), and two new cinchonine-derived alkaloids, N-acetyl-deoxycinchonicinol (4) and N-acetyl-cinchonicinol (5), as well as the known alkaloids quinamine, conquinamine, cinchonine, and quinidine were isolated from the leaves of Remijia peruviana. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). The relative configuration at C-7 for remijinine (1) and, in consequence, for epiremijinine (2) was established by X-ray crystal structure analysis of the former.

Four new alkaloids from Consolida glandulosa.

The structures of four new hetisine-type diterpenoids, 9-deoxyglanduline (1), glandulosine (2), 11,13-O-diacetylglanduline (3), and 9-O-acetylglanduline (4), isolated from Consolida glandulosa, were determined by two-dimensional NMR techniques. All the structures of these compounds were substantiated by a single-crystal X-ray analysis performed on compound 3.