Risk factors for rectal bleeding in prostate cancer after radiotherapy with a validation of current rectal dose constraints.

Background: Rectal bleeding is a well-known adverse event following pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer. This study investigates risk factors for rectal bleeding and validate our current rectal dose constraints in a real-world setting.

Material And Methods: This prospective study includes 248 prostate cancer patients who received EBRT between 2017-2022.

Utilisation of hospital-based specialist palliative care in patients with gynaecological cancer: Temporal trends, predictors and association with high-intensity end-of-life care.

Objective: To examine hospital-based specialist palliative care (SPC) utilisation among patients with gynaecological cancer, including temporal trends, predictors and associations with high-intensity end-of-life care.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide registry-based study for all patients dying from gynaecological cancer in Denmark during 2010-2016. We estimated the proportions of patients receiving SPC by year of death and used regression analyses to examine predictors of SPC utilisation.

Overall Severe Morbidity After Chemo-Radiation Therapy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Results From the EMBRACE-I Study.

Purpose: To evaluate overall severe late morbidity (grade ≥3) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemo-radiation therapy and magnetic resonance image guided adaptive brachytherapy within the prospective EMBRACE-I study, and to compare the results with published literature after standard radiograph based brachytherapy (BT).

Methods And Materials: From 2008 to 2015 the EMBRACE-I study enrolled 1416 patients. Morbidity was assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.

Prognostic Implications of Uterine Cervical Cancer Regression During Chemoradiation Evaluated by the T-Score in the Multicenter EMBRACE I Study.

Purpose: A simple scoring system (T-score, TS) for integrating findings from clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the primary tumor at diagnosis has shown strong prognostic capability for predicting local control and survival in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation and MRI-guided brachytherapy (BT). The aim was to validate the performance of TS using the multicenter EMBRACE I study and to evaluate the prognostic implications of TS regression obtained during initial chemoradiation.

Methods And Materials: EMBRACE I recruited 1416 patients, of whom 1318 were available for TS.

Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated With Radiochemotherapy Including Image-Guided Brachytherapy: A Retro-EMBRACE Study.

Purpose: To present a nomogram for prediction of overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) undergoing definitive radiochemotherapy including image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT).

Methods And Materials: Seven hundred twenty patients with LACC treated with radiochemotherapy including IGABT in 12 institutions (median follow-up 56 months) were analyzed; 248 deaths occurred. Thirteen candidate predictors for OS were a priori chosen on the basis of the literature and expert knowledge.

Impact of interfractional target motion in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with spot scanning proton therapy using an internal target volume strategy.

Background And Purpose: The more localized dose deposition of proton therapy (PT) compared to photon therapy might allow a reduction in treatment-related side effects but induces additional challenges to address. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of interfractional motion on the target and organs at risk (OARs) in cervical cancer patients treated with spot scanning PT using an internal target volume (ITV) strategy.

Methods And Materials: For ten locally advanced cervical cancer patients, empty and full bladder planning computed tomography (pCT) as well as 25 daily cone beam CTs (CBCTs) were available.

MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (EMBRACE-I): a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: The concept of the use of MRI for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) in locally advanced cervical cancer was introduced 20 years ago. Here, we report on EMBRACE-I, which aimed to evaluate local tumour control and morbidity after chemoradiotherapy and MRI-based IGABT.

Methods: EMBRACE-I was a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study.

Dosimetric Impact of Intrafraction Motion in Online-Adaptive Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Cervical Cancer.

Purpose: A method was recently developed for online-adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) in patients with cervical cancer. The advantage of this approach, relying on the use of tight margins, is challenged by the intrafraction target motion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of intrafraction motion on the target owing to changes in bladder filling in patients with cervical cancer treated with online-adaptive IMPT.

Olaparib treatment in older patients with ovarian cancer: need for 'real-world' data beyond clinical trials.

Background: Ageing is a risk factor for cancer. Worldwide, the number and proportion of adults aged ≥65 will increase, along with the incidence of ovarian cancer. Older adults are under-represented in randomised clinical trials (RCTs), and those who are enrolled have a good performance status and no major health issues.

Evaluation of a New Prognostic Tumor Score in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Integrating Clinical Examination and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: The integral results of clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer may provide prognostic information that cannot readily be placed in current staging systems, such as proximal versus distal parametrial invasion, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, or organ infiltration on MRI. The aim was to develop and investigate the performance of a simple but comprehensive tumor score for reporting and prognostication.

Methods And Materials: In the present study, 400 consecutive patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated 2005 to 2018 with chemoradiation and image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) were analyzed.

[Workup, treatment and follow-up of vulva cancer].

This review summarises the current guidelines for vulva cancer in Denmark. Vulva cancer is a rare disease. The diagnosis is often delayed, which results in large tumours and regional spread.

Cone beam computed tomography-based monitoring and management of target and organ motion during external beam radiotherapy in cervical cancer.

Background And Purpose: Organ motion is a challenge during high-precision external beam radiotherapy in cervical cancer, and improved strategies for treatment adaptation and monitoring of target dose coverage are needed. This study evaluates a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based approach.

Materials And Methods: In twenty-three patients, individualized internal target volumes (ITVs) were generated from pre-treatment MRI and CT scans with full and empty bladders.

Impact of bowel gas and body outline variations on total accumulated dose with intensity-modulated proton therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer patients.

Introduction: Density changes occurring during fractionated radiotherapy in the pelvic region may degrade proton dose distributions. The aim of the study was to quantify the dosimetric impact of gas cavities and body outline variations.

Material And Methods: Seven patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) were analyzed through a total of 175 daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Early clinical outcome of coverage probability based treatment planning for simultaneous integrated boost of nodes in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Introduction: More than 50% of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) have pathological nodes. Coverage probability (CovP) is a new planning technique allowing for relaxed dose at the boost periphery minimising collateral irradiation. The aim was to report the first early clinical outcome data for CovP based simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in LACC.

Effect of tumor dose, volume and overall treatment time on local control after radiochemotherapy including MRI guided brachytherapy of locally advanced cervical cancer.

Background And Purpose: Currently, there is no consensus on dose prescription in image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) in locally advanced cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence based recommendations for tumor dose prescription based on results from a multi-center patient series (retroEMBRACE).

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed 488 locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy±chemotherapy combined with IGABT.

Image guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: Improved pelvic control and survival in RetroEMBRACE, a multicenter cohort study.

Purpose: Image guided brachytherapy (IGBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer allows dose escalation to the high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) while sparing organs at risk (OAR). This is the first comprehensive report on clinical outcome in a large multi-institutional cohort.

Patients And Methods: From twelve centres 731 patients, treated with definitive EBRT±concurrent chemotherapy followed by IGBT, were analysed.

Individualised 3D printed vaginal template for MRI guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Intracavitary-interstitial applicators for MRI guided brachytherapy are becoming increasingly important in locally advanced cervical cancer. The 3D printing technology enables a versatile method for obtaining a high degree of individualisation of the implant. Our clinical workflow is presented and exemplified by a stage IVA cervical cancer with superior dose distribution.

Impact of radiation dose and standardized uptake value of (18)FDG PET on nodal control in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Background: Despite local control now exceeding 90% with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT), regional and distant metastases continue to curb survival in locally advanced cervical cancer. As regional lymph nodes often represent first site of metastatic spread, improved nodal control could improve survival. The aim of this study was to examine optimal volume and dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to maximize regional control including dose contribution from IGABT.

Tracer kinetic model selection for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of locally advanced cervical cancer.

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) offers a unique capability to probe tumour microvasculature. Different analysis of the acquired data will possibly lead to different conclusions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate under which conditions the Tofts (TM), extended Tofts (ETM), compartmental tissue uptake model (C-TU) and 2-compartment exchange model (2CXM) were the optimal tracer kinetic models (TKMs) for the analysis of DCE-MRI in patients with cervical cancer.

MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer from a Nordic perspective.

Background: The first Nordic protocol for three-dimensional (3D) planned radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer was the prospective NOCECA study (1994-2000). NOCECA consisted of computed tomography (CT)-based 3D conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to the primary tumour combined with brachytherapy (BT) based on x-ray imaging. In NOCECA the planning aim was to achieve 80 Gy at point A from EBRT and BT combined.

[Three cases of thrombosis of the internal jugular vein].

We describe three cases of ultrasonographically diagnosed thrombosis of the internal jugular vein encountered in an oncological department. Vague symptoms often delay the diagnosis, but it should be considered when patients present with subacute unilateral oedema of the neck, root of neck, or periclavicular region. At present, treatment is heparin initially and coumarins for a minimum of three months.